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PMID_19132113 | Both | 19,132,113 | PMC2164958 | 10.1242/dmm.000471 | Disease modeling for Ebola and Marburg viruses | Dennis A. Bente; Jason Gren; James E. Strong; Heinz Feldmann | Disease Models & Mechanisms | 2,009 | The filoviruses Ebola and Marburg are zoonotic agents that are classified as both biosafety level 4 and category A list pathogens. These viruses are pathogenic in humans and cause isolated infections or epidemics of viral hemorrhagic fever, mainly in Central Africa. Their natural reservoir has not been definitely identified, but certain species of African bat have been associated with Ebola and Marburg infections. Currently, there are no licensed options available for either treatment or prophylaxis. Different animal models have been developed for filoviruses including mouse, guinea pig and nonhuman primates. The ‘gold standard’ animal models for pathogenesis, treatment and vaccine studies are rhesus and cynomolgus macaques. This article provides a brief overview of the clinical picture and the pathology/pathogenesis of human filovirus infections. The current animal model options are discussed and compared with regard to their value in different applications. In general, the small animal models, in particular the mouse, are the most feasible for high biocontainment facilities and they offer the most options for research owing to the greater availability of immunologic and genetic tools. However, their mimicry of the human diseases as well as their predictive value for therapeutic efficacy in primates is limited, thereby making them, at best, valuable initial screening tools for pathophysiology, treatment and vaccine studies. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19132113/ | https://openalex.org/W1975525323 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | EXCLUDE | #2799 | true |
PMID_27887599 | OpenAlex | 27,887,599 | null | 10.1186/s12879-016-2045-6 | How severe and prevalent are Ebola and Marburg viruses? A systematic review and meta-analysis of the case fatality rates and seroprevalence | Luke Nyakarahuka; Clovice Kankya; Randi Krontveit; Benjamin Mayer; Frank Norbert Mwiine; Julius J. Lutwama; Eystein Skjerve | BMC Infectious Diseases | 2,016 | The pooled CFR and seroprevalence for Ebola and Marburg viruses were found to be lower than usually reported, with species differences despite high heterogeneity between studies. Countries with an improved health surveillance and epidemic response have lower CFR, thereby indicating need for improving early detection and epidemic response in filovirus outbreaks. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27887599/ | https://openalex.org/W2554930001 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | false |
PMID_19785757 | OpenAlex | 19,785,757 | null | 10.1186/1471-2334-9-159 | Large serological survey showing cocirculation of Ebola and Marburg viruses in Gabonese bat populations, and a high seroprevalence of both viruses in Rousettus aegyptiacus | Xavier Pourrut; Marc Souris; Jonathan S. Towner; Pierre E. Rollin; Stuart T. Nichol; Jean‐Paul Gonzalez; Eric M. Leroy | BMC Infectious Diseases | 2,009 | These findings confirm that ZEBOV and MARV co-circulate in Gabon, the only country where bats infected by each virus have been found. IgG antibodies to both viruses were detected only in Rousettus aegyptiacus, suggesting that this bat species may be involved in the natural cycle of both Marburg and Ebola viruses. The presence of MARV in Gabon indicates a potential risk for a first human outbreak. Disease surveillance should be enhanced in areas near caves. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19785757/ | https://openalex.org/W1985699976 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | EXCLUDE | #1828 | true |
PMID_24046765 | OpenAlex | 24,046,765 | null | 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00267 | Animal models for Ebola and Marburg virus infections | Eri Nakayama; Masayuki Saijo | Frontiers in Microbiology | 2,013 | Ebola and Marburg hemorrhagic fevers (EHF and MHF) are caused by the Filoviridae family, Ebolavirus and Marburgvirus (ebolavirus and marburgvirus), respectively. These severe diseases have high mortality rates in humans. Although EHF and MHF are endemic to sub-Saharan Africa. A novel filovirus, Lloviu virus, which is genetically distinct from ebolavirus and marburgvirus, was recently discovered in Spain where filoviral hemorrhagic fever had never been reported. The virulence of this virus has not been determined. Ebolavirus and marburgvirus are classified as biosafety level-4 (BSL-4) pathogens and Category A agents, for which the US government requires preparedness in case of bioterrorism. Therefore, preventive measures against these viral hemorrhagic fevers should be prepared, not only in disease-endemic regions, but also in disease-free countries. Diagnostics, vaccines, and therapeutics need to be developed, and therefore the establishment of animal models for EHF and MHF is invaluable. Several animal models have been developed for EHF and MHF using non-human primates (NHPs) and rodents, which are crucial to understand pathophysiology and to develop diagnostics, vaccines, and therapeutics. Rhesus and cynomolgus macaques are representative models of filovirus infection as they exhibit remarkably similar symptoms to those observed in humans. However, the NHP models have practical and ethical problems that limit their experimental use. Furthermore, there are no inbred and genetically manipulated strains of NHP. Rodent models such as mouse, guinea pig, and hamster, have also been developed. However, these rodent models require adaptation of the virus to produce lethal disease and do not mirror all symptoms of human filovirus infection. This review article provides an outline of the clinical features of EHF and MHF in animals, including humans, and discusses how the animal models have been developed to study pathophysiology, vaccines, and therapeutics. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24046765/ | https://openalex.org/W2079928928 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | EXCLUDE | #1965 | true |
PMID_26063223 | OpenAlex | 26,063,223 | null | 10.1093/infdis/jiv284 | Considerations in the Use of Nonhuman Primate Models of Ebola Virus and Marburg Virus Infection: Table 1. | Thomas W. Geisbert; James E. Strong; Heinz Feldmann | The Journal of Infectious Diseases | 2,015 | The filoviruses, Ebola virus and Marburg virus, are zoonotic pathogens that cause severe hemorrhagic fever in humans and nonhuman primates (NHPs), with case-fatality rates ranging from 23% to 90%. The current outbreak of Ebola virus infection in West Africa, with >26 000 cases, demonstrates the long-underestimated public health danger that filoviruses pose as natural human pathogens. Currently, there are no vaccines or treatments licensed for human use. Licensure of any medical countermeasure may require demonstration of efficacy in the gold standard cynomolgus or rhesus macaque models of filovirus infection. Substantial progress has been made over the last decade in characterizing the filovirus NHP models. However, there is considerable debate over a variety of experimental conditions, including differences among filovirus isolates used, routes and doses of exposure, and euthanasia criteria, all of which may contribute to variability of results among different laboratories. As an example of the importance of understanding these differences, recent data with Ebola virus shows that an addition of a single uridine residue in the glycoprotein gene at the editing site attenuates the virus. Here, we draw on decades of experience working with filovirus-infected NHPs to provide a perspective on the importance of various experimental conditions. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26063223/ | https://openalex.org/W2108356414 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | EXCLUDE | #3773 | true |
PMID_28194016 | Both | 28,194,016 | PMC3879242 | 10.1038/ncomms14446 | Modelling filovirus maintenance in nature by experimental transmission of Marburg virus between Egyptian rousette bats | Amy J. Schuh; Brian R. Amman; Megan Jones; Tara K. Sealy; Luke S. Uebelhoer; Jessica R. Spengler; Brock E. Martin; Jo Ann D. Coleman-McCray; Stuart T. Nichol; Jonathan S. Towner | Nature Communications | 2,017 | Abstract The Egyptian rousette bat (ERB) is a natural reservoir host for Marburg virus (MARV); however, the mechanisms by which MARV is transmitted bat-to-bat and to other animals are unclear. Here we co-house MARV-inoculated donor ERBs with naive contact ERBs. MARV shedding is detected in oral, rectal and urine specimens from inoculated bats from 5–19 days post infection. Simultaneously, MARV is detected in oral specimens from contact bats, indicating oral exposure to the virus. In the late study phase, we provide evidence that MARV can be horizontally transmitted from inoculated to contact ERBs by finding MARV RNA in blood and oral specimens from contact bats, followed by MARV IgG antibodies in these same bats. This study demonstrates that MARV can be horizontally transmitted from inoculated to contact ERBs, thereby providing a model for filovirus maintenance in its natural reservoir host and a potential mechanism for virus spillover to other animals. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28194016/ | https://openalex.org/W2588838495 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | EXCLUDE | #1755 | true |
PMID_31888676 | OpenAlex | 31,888,676 | null | 10.1186/s12985-019-1272-z | Marburg virus pathogenesis – differences and similarities in humans and animal models | Kyle Shifflett; Andrea Marzi | Virology Journal | 2,019 | Abstract Marburg virus (MARV) is a highly pathogenic virus associated with severe disease and mortality rates as high as 90%. Outbreaks of MARV are sporadic, deadly, and often characterized by a lack of resources and facilities to diagnose and treat patients. There are currently no approved vaccines or treatments, and the chaotic and infrequent nature of outbreaks, among other factors, makes testing new countermeasures during outbreaks ethically and logistically challenging. Without field efficacy studies, researchers must rely on animal models of MARV infection to assess the efficacy of vaccines and treatments, with the limitations being the accuracy of the animal model in recapitulating human pathogenesis. This review will compare various animal models to the available descriptions of human pathogenesis and aims to evaluate their effectiveness in modeling important aspects of Marburg virus disease. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31888676/ | https://openalex.org/W2997158122 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | INCLUDE | #5678 | true |
PMID_38040006 | Both | 38,040,006 | PMC6050668 | 10.1016/s1473-3099(23)00515-7 | Marburg virus disease outbreaks, mathematical models, and disease parameters: a systematic review | Gina Cuomo-Dannenburg; Kelly McCain; Ruth McCabe; H. Juliette T. Unwin; Patrick Doohan; Rebecca K. Nash; Joseph T. Hicks; Kelly Charniga; Cyril Geismar; Ben Lambert; Dariya Nikitin; Janetta Skarp; Jack Wardle; Mara D. Kont; Sangeeta Bhatia; Natsuko Imai; Sabine van Elsland; Anne Cori; Christian Morgenstern; Aaron Morris; Alpha Forna; Amy Dighe; Anne Cori; Arran Hamlet; Ben Lambert; Charles Whittaker; Christian Morgenstern; Cyril Geismar; Dariya Nikitin; David Jorgensen; Ed Knock; Ettie Unwin; Gina Cuomo-Dannenburg; Hayley A Thompson; Isobel Routledge; Janetta Skarp; Joseph T. Hicks; Keith Fraser; Kelly Charniga; Kelly McCain; Lily Geidelberg; Lorenzo Cattarino; Mara D. Kont; Marc Baguelin; Natsuko Imai; Nima R. Moghaddas; Patrick Doohan; Ruth McCabe; Sabine van Elsland; Sangeeta Bhatia; Sreejith Radhakrishnan; Zulma M. Cucunubá; Jack Wardle; Jack Wardle | The Lancet Infectious Diseases | 2,023 | The 2023 Marburg virus disease outbreaks in Equatorial Guinea and Tanzania highlighted the importance of better understanding this lethal pathogen. We did a systematic review (PROSPERO CRD42023393345) of peer-reviewed articles reporting historical outbreaks, modelling studies, and epidemiological parameters focused on Marburg virus disease. We searched PubMed and Web of Science from database inception to March 31, 2023. Two reviewers evaluated all titles and abstracts with consensus-based decision making. To ensure agreement, 13 (31%) of 42 studies were double-extracted and a custom-designed quality assessment questionnaire was used for risk of bias assessment. We present detailed information on 478 reported cases and 385 deaths from Marburg virus disease. Analysis of historical outbreaks and seroprevalence estimates suggests the possibility of undetected Marburg virus disease outbreaks, asymptomatic transmission, or cross-reactivity with other pathogens, or a combination of these. Only one study presented a mathematical model of Marburg virus transmission. We estimate an unadjusted, pooled total random effect case fatality ratio of 61·9% (95% CI 38·8-80·6; I2=93%). We identify epidemiological parameters relating to transmission and natural history, for which there are few estimates. This systematic review and the accompanying database provide a comprehensive overview of Marburg virus disease epidemiology and identify key knowledge gaps, contributing crucial information for mathematical models to support future Marburg virus disease epidemic responses. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38040006/ | https://openalex.org/W4389074224 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | false |
PMID_25392474 | OpenAlex | 25,392,474 | null | 10.1098/rspb.2014.2124 | Ecological dynamics of emerging bat virus spillover | Raina K. Plowright; Peggy Eby; Peter J. Hudson; Ina Smith; David A. Westcott; W. L. Bryden; Deborah Middleton; Peter A. Reid; R. A. McFarlane; Gerardo Martín; Gary Tabor; Lee F. Skerratt; Dale L. Anderson; Gary Crameri; David Quammen; David Jordan; P. H. Freeman; Lin‐Fa Wang; Jonathan H. Epstein; Glenn A. Marsh; Nina Kung; Hamish McCallum | Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences | 2,014 | Viruses that originate in bats may be the most notorious emerging zoonoses that spill over from wildlife into domestic animals and humans. Understanding how these infections filter through ecological systems to cause disease in humans is of profound importance to public health. Transmission of viruses from bats to humans requires a hierarchy of enabling conditions that connect the distribution of reservoir hosts, viral infection within these hosts, and exposure and susceptibility of recipient hosts. For many emerging bat viruses, spillover also requires viral shedding from bats, and survival of the virus in the environment. Focusing on Hendra virus, but also addressing Nipah virus, Ebola virus, Marburg virus and coronaviruses, we delineate this cross-species spillover dynamic from the within-host processes that drive virus excretion to land-use changes that increase interaction among species. We describe how land-use changes may affect co-occurrence and contact between bats and recipient hosts. Two hypotheses may explain temporal and spatial pulses of virus shedding in bat populations: episodic shedding from persistently infected bats or transient epidemics that occur as virus is transmitted among bat populations. Management of livestock also may affect the probability of exposure and disease. Interventions to decrease the probability of virus spillover can be implemented at multiple levels from targeting the reservoir host to managing recipient host exposure and susceptibility. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25392474/ | https://openalex.org/W2096136553 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | EXCLUDE | #1836 | true |
PMID_37771708 | OpenAlex | 37,771,708 | null | 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1239079 | Emergence of Marburg virus: a global perspective on fatal outbreaks and clinical challenges | Shriyansh Srivastava; Deepika Sharma; Sachin Kumar; Aditya Kumar Sharma; Rishikesh Rijal; Ankush Asija; Suraj Adhikari; Sarvesh Rustagi; Sanjit Sah; Zahraa Haleem Al‐qaim; Prashant Bashyal; Aroop Mohanty; Joshuan J. Barboza; Alfonso J. Rodríguez‐Morales; Ranjit Sah | Frontiers in Microbiology | 2,023 | The Marburg virus (MV), identified in 1967, has caused deadly outbreaks worldwide, the mortality rate of Marburg virus disease (MVD) varies depending on the outbreak and virus strain, but the average case fatality rate is around 50%. However, case fatality rates have varied from 24 to 88% in past outbreaks depending on virus strain and case management. Designated a priority pathogen by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), MV induces hemorrhagic fever, organ failure, and coagulation issues in both humans and non-human primates. This review presents an extensive exploration of MVD outbreak evolution, virus structure, and genome, as well as the sources and transmission routes of MV, including human-to-human spread and involvement of natural hosts such as the Egyptian fruit bat ( Rousettus aegyptiacus ) and other Chiroptera species . The disease progression involves early viral replication impacting immune cells like monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells, followed by damage to the spleen, liver, and secondary lymphoid organs. Subsequent spread occurs to hepatocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and epithelial cells. MV can evade host immune response by inhibiting interferon type I (IFN-1) synthesis. This comprehensive investigation aims to enhance understanding of pathophysiology, cellular tropism, and injury sites in the host, aiding insights into MVD causes. Clinical data and treatments are discussed, albeit current methods to halt MVD outbreaks remain elusive. By elucidating MV infection’s history and mechanisms, this review seeks to advance MV disease treatment, drug development, and vaccine creation. The World Health Organization (WHO) considers MV a high-concern filovirus causing severe and fatal hemorrhagic fever, with a death rate ranging from 24 to 88%. The virus often spreads through contact with infected individuals, originating from animals. Visitors to bat habitats like caves or mines face higher risk. We tailored this search strategy for four databases: Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and PubMed. we primarily utilized search terms such as “Marburg virus,” “Epidemiology,” “Vaccine,” “Outbreak,” and “Transmission.” To enhance comprehension of the virus and associated disease, this summary offers a comprehensive overview of MV outbreaks, pathophysiology, and management strategies. Continued research and learning hold promise for preventing and controlling future MVD outbreaks. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37771708/ | https://openalex.org/W4386784428 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | false |
PMID_16943403 | Both | 16,943,403 | null | 10.1056/nejmoa051465 | Marburg Hemorrhagic Fever Associated with Multiple Genetic Lineages of Virus | Daniel G. Bausch; Stuart T. Nichol; Jean Jacques Muyembe-Tamfum; Matthias Borchert; Pierre E. Rollin; Hilde Sleurs; Patricia T. Campbell; F. Kweteminga Tshioko; Catherine Roth; Robert Colebunders; Patricia Pirard; S Mardel; Loku Abisa Olinda; H. Zeller; Antoine Tshomba; Amayo Kulidri; Modeste L. Libande; Sabue Mulangu; Pierre Formenty; Thomas Grein; Herwig Leirs; Leo Braack; Tom Ksiazek; Sherif Zaki; Michael D. Bowen; Sheilagh Smit; Patricia A. Leman; Felicity J. Burt; Alan C. Kemp; Robert Swanepoel | New England Journal of Medicine | 2,006 | Marburg hemorrhagic fever can have a very high case fatality rate. Since multiple genetic variants of virus were identified, ongoing introduction of virus into the population helped perpetuate this outbreak. The findings imply that reservoir hosts of Marburg virus inhabit caves, mines, or similar habitats. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16943403/ | https://openalex.org/W2081913810 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | INCLUDE | INCLUDE | #2819 | true |
PMID_9254917 | Both | 9,254,917 | null | 10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025820 | The origin and evolution of Ebola and Marburg viruses | Yasuo Suzuki; Takashi Gojobori | Molecular Biology and Evolution | 1,997 | Molecular evolutionary analyses for Ebola and Marburg viruses were conducted with the aim of elucidating evolutionary features of these viruses. In particular, the rate of nonsynonymous substitutions for the glycoprotein gene of Ebola virus was estimated to be, on the average, 3.6 x 10(-5) per site per year. Marburg virus was also suggested to be evolving at a similar rate. Those rates were a hundred times slower than those of retroviruses and human influenza A virus, but were of the same order of magnitude as that of the hepatitis B virus. When these rates were applied to the degree of sequence divergence, the divergence time between Ebola and Marburg viruses was estimated to be more than several thousand years ago. Moreover, most of the nucleotide substitutions were transitions and synonymous for Marburg virus. This suggests that purifying selection has operated on Marburg virus during evolution. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9254917/ | https://openalex.org/W2121586109 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | INCLUDE | INCLUDE | #1649 | true |
PMID_26306510 | OpenAlex | 26,306,510 | null | 10.1186/s12862-015-0456-4 | Genomic analysis of codon usage shows influence of mutation pressure, natural selection, and host features on Marburg virus evolution | Izza Nasrullah; Azeem Mehmood Butt; Shifa Tahir; Muhammad Idrees; Yigang Tong | BMC Evolutionary Biology | 2,015 | Abstract Background The Marburg virus (MARV) has a negative-sense single-stranded RNA genome, belongs to the family Filoviridae , and is responsible for several outbreaks of highly fatal hemorrhagic fever. Codon usage patterns of viruses reflect a series of evolutionary changes that enable viruses to shape their survival rates and fitness toward the external environment and, most importantly, their hosts. To understand the evolution of MARV at the codon level, we report a comprehensive analysis of synonymous codon usage patterns in MARV genomes. Multiple codon analysis approaches and statistical methods were performed to determine overall codon usage patterns, biases in codon usage, and influence of various factors, including mutation pressure, natural selection, and its two hosts, Homo sapiens and Rousettus aegyptiacus . Results Nucleotide composition and relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) analysis revealed that MARV shows mutation bias and prefers U- and A-ended codons to code amino acids. Effective number of codons analysis indicated that overall codon usage among MARV genomes is slightly biased. The Parity Rule 2 plot analysis showed that GC and AU nucleotides were not used proportionally which accounts for the presence of natural selection. Codon usage patterns of MARV were also found to be influenced by its hosts. This indicates that MARV have evolved codon usage patterns that are specific to both of its hosts. Moreover, selection pressure from R. aegyptiacus on the MARV RSCU patterns was found to be dominant compared with that from H. sapiens . Overall, mutation pressure was found to be the most important and dominant force that shapes codon usage patterns in MARV. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first detailed codon usage analysis of MARV and extends our understanding of the mechanisms that contribute to codon usage and evolution of MARV. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26306510/ | https://openalex.org/W1926697416 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | EXCLUDE | #1959 | true |
PMID_307456 | Both | 307,456 | PMC2395567 | 10.11619/africa1964.1996.49_95 | Ebola haemorrhagic fever in Zaire | Sinroku Otatume | Journal of African Studies | 1,996 | Between 1 September and 24 October 1976, 318 cases of acute viral haemorrhagic fever occurred in northern Zaire. The outbreak was centred in the Bumba Zone of the Equateur Region and most of the cases were recorded within a radius of 70 km of Yambuku, although a few patients sought medical attention in Bumba, Abumombazi, and the capital city of Kinshasa, where individual secondary and tertiary cases occurred. There were 280 deaths, and only 38 serologically confirmed survivors.The index case in this outbreak had onset of symptoms on 1 September 1976, five days after receiving an injection of chloroquine for presumptive malaria at the outpatient clinic at Yambuku Mission Hospital (YMH). He had a clinical remission of his malaria symptoms. Within one week several other persons who had received injections at YMH also suffered from Ebola haemorrhagic fever, and almost all subsequent cases had either received injections at the hospital or had had close contact with another case. Most of these occurred during the first four weeks of the epidemic, after which time the hospital was closed, 11 of the 17 staff members having died of the disease. All ages and both sexes were affected, but women 15-29 years of age had the highest incidence of disease, a phenomenon strongly related to attendance at prenatal and outpatient clinics at the hospital where they received injections. The overall secondary attack rate was about 5%, although it ranged to 20% among close relatives such as spouses, parent or child, and brother or sister.Active surveillance disclosed that cases occurred in 55 of some 550 villages which were examined house-by-house. The disease was hitherto unknown to the people of the affected region. Intensive search for cases in the area of north-eastern Zaire between the Bumba Zone and the Sudan frontier near Nzara and Maridi failed to detect definite evidence of a link between an epidemic of the disease in that country and the outbreak near Bumba. Nevertheless it was established that people can and do make the trip between Nzara and Bumba in not more than four days: thus it was regarded as quite possible that an infected person had travelled from Sudan to Yambuku and transferred the virus to a needle of the hospital while receiving an injection at the outpatient clinic.Both the incubation period, and the duration of the clinical disease averaged about one week. After 3-4 days of non-specific symptoms and signs, patients typically experienced progressively severe sore throat, developed a maculopapular rash, had intractable abdominal pain, and began to bleed from multiple sites, principally the gastrointestinal tract. Although laboratory determinations were limited and not conclusive, it was concluded that pathogenesis of the disease included non-icteric hepatitis and possibly acute pancreatitis as well as disseminated intravascular coagulation.This syndrome was caused by a virus morphologically similar to Marburg virus, but immunologically distinct. It was named Ebola virus. The agent was isolated from the blood of 8 of 10 suspected cases using Vero cell cultures. Titrations of serial specimens obtained from one patient disclosed persistent viraemia of 10(6.5)-10(4.5) infectious units from the third day of illness until death on the eighth day. Ebola virus particles were found in formalin- | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/307456/ | https://openalex.org/W1987080862 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | EXCLUDE | #2916 | true |
PMID_25375951 | Both | 25,375,951 | PMC2713404 | 10.7589/2014-08-198 | ORAL SHEDDING OF MARBURG VIRUS IN EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED EGYPTIAN FRUIT BATS ( <i>ROUSETTUS AEGYPTIACUS</i> ) | Brian R. Amman; Megan Jones; Tara K. Sealy; Luke S. Uebelhoer; Amy J. Schuh; Brian H. Bird; JoAnn D. Coleman-McCray; Brock E. Martin; Stuart T. Nichol; Jonathan S. Towner | Journal of Wildlife Diseases | 2,014 | Marburg virus (Marburg marburgvirus; MARV) causes sporadic outbreaks of Marburg hemorrhagic fever (MHF) in Africa. The Egyptian fruit bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus) has been identified as a natural reservoir based most-recently on the repeated isolation of MARV directly from bats caught at two locations in southwestern Uganda where miners and tourists separately contracted MHF from 2007-08. Despite learning much about the ecology of MARV through extensive field investigations, there remained unanswered questions such as determining the primary routes of virus shedding and the severity of disease, if any, caused by MARV in infected bats. To answer these questions and others, we experimentally infected captive-bred R. aegyptiacus with MARV under high (biosafety level 4) containment. These experiments have shown infection profiles consistent with R. aegyptiacus being a bona fide natural reservoir host for MARV and demonstrated routes of viral shedding capable of infecting humans and other animals. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25375951/ | https://openalex.org/W2135335521 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | INCLUDE | #2868 | true |
PMID_569445 | Both | 569,445 | null | 10.4269/ajtmh.1978.27.1210 | Epidemiologic Investigation of Marburg Virus Disease, Southern Africa, 1975 | Jonas Conrad; M Isaäcson; Eric Burnett Smith; Herta Wulff; Megan Crees; Piet Geldenhuys; James C. Johnston | American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene | 1,978 | During the first 10 days of February 1975, an Australian hitchhiker contracted Marburg virus disease while traveling through Rhodesia and died; the infection was subsequently passed to two other persons, who recovered. Investigators retraced the hitchhiker's steps in March and again in June 1975 in an effort to uncover the natural reservoir of the virus and determine how it was transmitted. Serum samples were collected from humans and animals wherever the patient had come in close contact with animals or insects. Arthropods of various types were collected in June 1975 and again in February 1976 for virus isolation attempts; at no time did the patient come in direct contact with nonhuman primates of any kind, or any other animals. Indirect contact with bats, monkeys, and birds through aerosols was possible, though at some distance. Direct contact with arthropods occurred throughout the trip; on several occasions it was notably severe. We believe that during this outbreak the first Marburg virus infection occurred by vector-borne transmission from an arthropod yet to be identified, and that patients 2 and 3 acquired the disease by exposure to the oropharyngeal secretions of patients 1 and 2, respectively. Studies are underway to identify the species of arthropod involved in this transmission. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/569445/ | https://openalex.org/W28508157 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | INCLUDE | INCLUDE | #2573 | true |
PMID_25142608 | OpenAlex | 25,142,608 | null | 10.1128/jvi.01643-14 | Establishment and Characterization of a Lethal Mouse Model for the Angola Strain of Marburg Virus | Xiangguo Qiu; Jonathan Audet; Todd Cutts; Yulian Niu; Stephanie A. Booth; Gary Wong; Gary P. Kobinger | Journal of Virology | 2,014 | ABSTRACT Infections with Marburg virus (MARV) and Ebola virus (EBOV) cause severe hemorrhagic fever in humans and nonhuman primates (NHPs) with fatality rates up to 90%. A number of experimental vaccine and treatment platforms have previously been shown to be protective against EBOV infection. However, the rate of development for prophylactics and therapeutics against MARV has been lower in comparison, possibly because a small-animal model is not widely available. Here we report the development of a mouse model for studying the pathogenesis of MARV Angola (MARV/Ang), the most virulent strain of MARV. Infection with the wild-type virus does not cause disease in mice, but the adapted virus (MARV/Ang-MA) recovered from liver homogenates after 24 serial passages in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice caused severe disease when administered intranasally (i.n.) or intraperitoneally (i.p.). The median lethal dose (LD 50 ) was determined to be 0.015 50% TCID 50 (tissue culture infective dose) of MARV/Ang-MA in SCID mice, and i.p. infection at a dose of 1,000× LD 50 resulted in death between 6 and 8 days postinfection in SCID mice. Similar results were obtained with immunocompetent BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice challenged i.p. with 2,000× LD 50 of MARV/Ang-MA. Virological and pathological analyses of MARV/Ang-MA-infected BALB/c mice revealed that the associated pathology was reminiscent of observations made in NHPs with MARV/Ang. MARV/Ang-MA-infected mice showed most of the clinical hallmarks observed with Marburg hemorrhagic fever, including lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, marked liver damage, and uncontrolled viremia. Virus titers reached 10 8 TCID 50 /ml in the blood and between 10 6 and 10 10 TCID 50 /g tissue in the intestines, kidney, lungs, brain, spleen, and liver. This model provides an important tool to screen candidate vaccines and therapeutics against MARV infections. IMPORTANCE The Angola strain of Marburg virus (MARV/Ang) was responsible for the largest outbreak ever documented for Marburg viruses. With a 90% fatality rate, it is similar to Ebola virus, which makes it one of the most lethal viruses known to humans. There are currently no approved interventions for Marburg virus, in part because a small-animal model that is vulnerable to MARV/Ang infection is not available to screen and test potential vaccines and therapeutics in a quick and economical manner. To address this need, we have adapted MARV/Ang so that it causes illness in mice resulting in death. The signs of disease in these mice are reminiscent of wild-type MARV/Ang infections in humans and nonhuman primates. We believe that this will be of help in accelerating the development of life-saving measures against Marburg virus infections. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25142608/ | https://openalex.org/W2004688512 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | EXCLUDE | #1821 | true |
PMID_23055920 | Both | 23,055,920 | PMC3203392 | 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002877 | Seasonal Pulses of Marburg Virus Circulation in Juvenile Rousettus aegyptiacus Bats Coincide with Periods of Increased Risk of Human Infection | Brian R. Amman; Serena A. Carroll; Zachary Reed; Tara K. Sealy; Stephen Balinandi; Robert Swanepoel; Alan C. Kemp; Bobbie R. Erickson; James A. Comer; Shelley Campbell; Deborah Cannon; Marina L. Khristova; Patrick Atimnedi; Christopher D. Paddock; Rebekah J. Kent Crockett; Timothy D. Flietstra; Kelly L. Warfield; Robert C. Unfer; Edward Katongole‐Mbidde; R. G. Downing; Jordan W. Tappero; Sherif R. Zaki; Pierre E. Rollin; Thomas G. Ksiazek; Stuart T. Nichol; Jonathan S. Towner | PLoS Pathogens | 2,012 | Marburg virus (family Filoviridae) causes sporadic outbreaks of severe hemorrhagic disease in sub-Saharan Africa. Bats have been implicated as likely natural reservoir hosts based most recently on an investigation of cases among miners infected in 2007 at the Kitaka mine, Uganda, which contained a large population of Marburg virus-infected Rousettus aegyptiacus fruit bats. Described here is an ecologic investigation of Python Cave, Uganda, where an American and a Dutch tourist acquired Marburg virus infection in December 2007 and July 2008. More than 40,000 R. aegyptiacus were found in the cave and were the sole bat species present. Between August 2008 and November 2009, 1,622 bats were captured and tested for Marburg virus. Q-RT-PCR analysis of bat liver/spleen tissues indicated ~2.5% of the bats were actively infected, seven of which yielded Marburg virus isolates. Moreover, Q-RT-PCR-positive lung, kidney, colon and reproductive tissues were found, consistent with potential for oral, urine, fecal or sexual transmission. The combined data for R. aegyptiacus tested from Python Cave and Kitaka mine indicate low level horizontal transmission throughout the year. However, Q-RT-PCR data show distinct pulses of virus infection in older juvenile bats (~six months of age) that temporarily coincide with the peak twice-yearly birthing seasons. Retrospective analysis of historical human infections suspected to have been the result of discrete spillover events directly from nature found 83% (54/65) events occurred during these seasonal pulses in virus circulation, perhaps demonstrating periods of increased risk of human infection. The discovery of two tags at Python Cave from bats marked at Kitaka mine, together with the close genetic linkages evident between viruses detected in geographically distant locations, are consistent with R. aegyptiacus bats existing as a large meta-population with associated virus circulation over broad geographic ranges. These findings provide a basis for developing Marburg hemorrhagic fever risk reduction strategies. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23055920/ | https://openalex.org/W2131851182 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | INCLUDE | INCLUDE | #2869 | true |
PMID_30202878 | OpenAlex | 30,202,878 | null | 10.1093/infdis/jiy435 | Infection Rates and Risk Factors for Infection Among Health Workers During Ebola and Marburg Virus Outbreaks: A Systematic Review | Saranya Selvaraj; Karen Lee; Mason Harrell; Ivan Ivanov; Benedetta Allegranzi | The Journal of Infectious Diseases | 2,018 | Many outbreaks reported high proportions of infected HWs. Similar HW infection rates and exposure risk factors in both past and recent EVD and MVD outbreaks emphasize the need to improve the implementation of appropriate infection control measures consistently across all healthcare settings. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30202878/ | https://openalex.org/W2890805251 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | INCLUDE | #1737 | true |
PMID_17712412 | Both | 17,712,412 | PMC1488971 | 10.1371/journal.pone.0000764 | Marburg Virus Infection Detected in a Common African Bat | Jonathan S. Towner; Xavier Pourrut; César G. Albariño; Chimène Nze-Nkogue; Brian H. Bird; Gilda Grard; Thomas G. Ksiazek; Jean‐Paul Gonzalez; Stuart T. Nichol; Eric M. Leroy | PLoS ONE | 2,007 | Marburg and Ebola viruses can cause large hemorrhagic fever (HF) outbreaks with high case fatality (80-90%) in human and great apes. Identification of the natural reservoir of these viruses is one of the most important topics in this field and a fundamental key to understanding their natural history. Despite the discovery of this virus family almost 40 years ago, the search for the natural reservoir of these lethal pathogens remains an enigma despite numerous ecological studies. Here, we report the discovery of Marburg virus in a common species of fruit bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus) in Gabon as shown by finding virus-specific RNA and IgG antibody in individual bats. These Marburg virus positive bats represent the first naturally infected non-primate animals identified. Furthermore, this is the first report of Marburg virus being present in this area of Africa, thus extending the known range of the virus. These data imply that more areas are at risk for MHF outbreaks than previously realized and correspond well with a recently published report in which three species of fruit bats were demonstrated to be likely reservoirs for Ebola virus. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17712412/ | https://openalex.org/W2054554285 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | EXCLUDE | #1612 | true |
PMID_32479636 | Both | 32,479,636 | null | 10.1093/infdis/jiaa290 | Remdesivir (GS-5734) Is Efficacious in Cynomolgus Macaques Infected With Marburg Virus | Danielle Porter; Jessica M. Weidner; Laura Gomba; Roy Bannister; Christiana Blair; Robert Jordan; Jay Wells; Kelly S. Wetzel; Nicole L. Garza; Sean Van Tongeren; Ginger Donnelly; Jesse Steffens; Alicia M. Moreau; Jeremy J. Bearss; Eric Lee; Sina Bavari; Tomáš Cihlář; Travis K. Warren | The Journal of Infectious Diseases | 2,020 | Abstract Marburg virus (MARV) is a filovirus with documented human case-fatality rates of up to 90%. Here, we evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of remdesivir (GS-5734) in nonhuman primates experimentally infected with MARV. Beginning 4 or 5 days post inoculation, cynomolgus macaques were treated once daily for 12 days with vehicle, 5 mg/kg remdesivir, or a 10-mg/kg loading dose followed by 5 mg/kg remdesivir. All vehicle-control animals died, whereas 83% of animals receiving a 10-mg/kg loading dose of remdesivir survived, as did 50% of animals receiving a 5-mg/kg remdesivir regimen. Remdesivir-treated animals exhibited improved clinical scores, lower plasma viral RNA, and improved markers of kidney function, liver function, and coagulopathy versus vehicle-control animals. The small molecule remdesivir showed therapeutic efficacy in this Marburg virus disease model with treatment initiation 5 days post inoculation, supporting further assessment of remdesivir for the treatment of Marburg virus disease in humans. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32479636/ | https://openalex.org/W3030369399 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | EXCLUDE | #5622 | true |
PMID_27489944 | OpenAlex | 27,489,944 | null | 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004796 | Transmission or Within-Host Dynamics Driving Pulses of Zoonotic Viruses in Reservoir–Host Populations | Raina K. Plowright; Alison J. Peel; Daniel G. Streicker; Amy T. Gilbert; Hamish McCallum; James L. N. Wood; Michelle L. Baker; Olivier Restif | PLoS neglected tropical diseases | 2,016 | Progress in combatting zoonoses that emerge from wildlife is often constrained by limited knowledge of the biology of pathogens within reservoir hosts. We focus on the host-pathogen dynamics of four emerging viruses associated with bats: Hendra, Nipah, Ebola, and Marburg viruses. Spillover of bat infections to humans and domestic animals often coincides with pulses of viral excretion within bat populations, but the mechanisms driving such pulses are unclear. Three hypotheses dominate current research on these emerging bat infections. First, pulses of viral excretion could reflect seasonal epidemic cycles driven by natural variations in population densities and contact rates among hosts. If lifelong immunity follows recovery, viruses may disappear locally but persist globally through migration; in either case, new outbreaks occur once births replenish the susceptible pool. Second, epidemic cycles could be the result of waning immunity within bats, allowing local circulation of viruses through oscillating herd immunity. Third, pulses could be generated by episodic shedding from persistently infected bats through a combination of physiological and ecological factors. The three scenarios can yield similar patterns in epidemiological surveys, but strategies to predict or manage spillover risk resulting from each scenario will be different. We outline an agenda for research on viruses emerging from bats that would allow for differentiation among the scenarios and inform development of evidence-based interventions to limit threats to human and animal health. These concepts and methods are applicable to a wide range of pathogens that affect humans, domestic animals, and wildlife. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27489944/ | https://openalex.org/W2467600727 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | EXCLUDE | #1835 | true |
PMID_19649327 | OpenAlex | 19,649,327 | null | 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000536 | Isolation of Genetically Diverse Marburg Viruses from Egyptian Fruit Bats | Jonathan S. Towner; Brian R. Amman; Tara K. Sealy; Serena A. Carroll; James A. Comer; Alan C. Kemp; Robert Swanepoel; Christopher D. Paddock; Stephen Balinandi; Marina L. Khristova; Pierre Formenty; César G. Albariño; David Miller; Zachary Reed; John Kayiwa; James N. Mills; Deborah Cannon; Patricia W. Greer; Emmanuel Byaruhanga; Eileen C. Farnon; Patrick Atimnedi; Samuel Okware; Edward Katongole‐Mbidde; R. G. Downing; Jordan W. Tappero; Sherif R. Zaki; Thomas G. Ksiazek; Stuart T. Nichol; Pierre E. Rollin | PLoS Pathogens | 2,009 | In July and September 2007, miners working in Kitaka Cave, Uganda, were diagnosed with Marburg hemorrhagic fever. The likely source of infection in the cave was Egyptian fruit bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus) based on detection of Marburg virus RNA in 31/611 (5.1%) bats, virus-specific antibody in bat sera, and isolation of genetically diverse virus from bat tissues. The virus isolates were collected nine months apart, demonstrating long-term virus circulation. The bat colony was estimated to be over 100,000 animals using mark and re-capture methods, predicting the presence of over 5,000 virus-infected bats. The genetically diverse virus genome sequences from bats and miners closely matched. These data indicate common Egyptian fruit bats can represent a major natural reservoir and source of Marburg virus with potential for spillover into humans. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19649327/ | https://openalex.org/W2109152434 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | EXCLUDE | #3857 | true |
PMID_26589246 | Both | 26,589,246 | PMC1675587 | 10.1093/ije/dyv307 | Risk factors for transmission of Ebola or Marburg virus disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis | Julii Brainard; Lee Hooper; Katherine Pond; Kelly Edmunds; Paul Hunter | International Journal of Epidemiology | 2,015 | Transmission of filovirus is unlikely except through close contact, especially during the most severe stages of acute illness. More data are needed about the context, intimacy and timing of contact required to raise the odds of disease transmission. Risk factors specific to urban settings may need to be determined. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26589246/ | https://openalex.org/W2277390423 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | INCLUDE | #2741 | true |
DOI_38de5479ac43 | OpenAlex | null | null | 10.1101/2023.07.10.23292424 | Marburg Virus Disease outbreaks, mathematical models, and disease parameters: a Systematic Review | Gina Cuomo-Dannenburg; Kelly McCain; Ruth McCabe; H. Juliette T. Unwin; Patrick Doohan; Rebecca K. Nash; Joseph T. Hicks; Kelly Charniga; Cyril Geismar; Ben Lambert; Dariya Nikitin; Janetta Skarp; Jack Wardle; Mara D. Kont; Sangeeta Bhatia; Natsuko Imai; Sabine van Elsland; Anne Cori; Christian Morgenstern; Christian Morgenstern | null | 2,023 | Abstract Background Recent Marburg virus disease (MVD) outbreaks in Equatorial Guinea and Tanzania highlighted the importance of better understanding this highly lethal infectious pathogen. Past epidemics of Ebola, COVID-19, and other pathogens have re-emphasised the usefulness of mathematical models in guiding public health responses during outbreaks. Methods We conducted a systematic review, registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023393345) and reported according to PRISMA guidelines, of peer-reviewed papers reporting historical out-breaks, modelling studies and epidemiological parameters focused on MVD, including contextual information. We searched PubMed and Web of Science until 31st March 2023. Two reviewers evaluated all titles and abstracts, with consensus-based decision-making. To ensure agreement, 31% (13/42) of studies were double-extracted and a custom-designed quality assessment questionnaire was used to assess the risk of bias. Findings We present detailed outbreak, model and parameter information on 970 reported cases and 818 deaths from MVD until 31 March 2023. Analysis of historical outbreaks and sero-prevalence estimates suggests the possibility of undetected MVD outbreaks, asymptomatic transmission and/or cross-reactivity with other pathogens. Only one study presented a mathematical model of MVD transmission. We estimate an unadjusted, pooled total random effect case fatality ratio for MVD of 61.9% (95% CI: 38.8-80.6%, I 2 =93%). We identify key epidemiological parameters relating to transmission and natural history for which there are few estimates. Interpretation This review provides a comprehensive overview of the epidemiology of MVD, identifying key knowledge gaps about this pathogen. The extensive collection of knowledge gathered here will be crucial in developing mathematical models for use in the early stages of future outbreaks of MVD. All data are published alongside this article with functionality to easily update the database as new data become available. Funding MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis Research in Context Evidence before this study We searched Web of Science and PubMed up to 31 March 2023 using the search terms Marburg virus, epidemiology, outbreaks, models, transmissibility, severity, delays, risk factors, mutation rates and seroprevalence. We found five systematic reviews, all of which considered MVD alongside Ebola virus disease (EVD). One modelling study of Marburg virus disease (MVD) focused on animals, and not on computational models to understand past or project future disease transmission. One systematic review collated risk factors for transmission based on four MVD studies, but did not report attack rates due to missing underlying MVD estimates; another systematic review pooled estimates of MVD case fatality ratios (CFR): 53.8% (95% CI: 26.5–80.0%) and seroprevalence: 1.2% (95% CI: 0.5–2.0%). No systematic review covered transmission models of MVD, and the impact of public health and social measures is unknown. Added value of this study We provide a comprehensive summary of the available, peer-reviewed literature of historical outbreaks, transmission models and parameters for MVD. Meta-analysis of existing estimates of CFRs, and our original estimates based on historical outbreak information, illustrate the severity of MVD with our pooled random effect estimated CFR of 61.9% (95% CI: 38.8-80.6%, I 2 =93%). We demonstrate the sparsity of evidence on MVD transmission and disease dynamics, particularly on transmissibility and natural history, which are key input parameters for computational models supporting outbreak response. Our work highlights key areas where further disease characterization is necessary. Implications of all the available evidence Previous outbreaks of infectious pathogens emphasized the usefulness of computational modelling in assessing epidemic trajectories and the impact of mitigation strategies. Our study provides necessary information for using mathematical models in future outbreaks of MVD, identifies uncertainties and knowledge gaps in MVD transmission and natural history, and highlights the severity of MVD. | http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2023.07.10.23292424 | https://openalex.org/W4384024570 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | false |
PMID_30883555 | OpenAlex | 30,883,555 | null | 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007257 | Marburg virus disease outbreak in Kween District Uganda, 2017: Epidemiological and laboratory findings | Luke Nyakarahuka; Trevor Shoemaker; Stephen Balinandi; Godfrey Chemos; Benon Kwesiga; Sophia Mulei; Jackson Kyondo; Alex Tumusiime; Aaron Kofman; Ben Masiira; Shannon Whitmer; Shelley Brown; Debi Cannon; Cheng‐Feng Chiang; James Graziano; Maria Morales-Betoulle; Ketan Patel; Sara Zufan; Innocent Komakech; Nasan Natseri; Philip Musobo Chepkwurui; Bernard Lubwama; Jude Okiria; Joshua Kayiwa; Innocent Harbert Nkonwa; Patricia Eyu; Lydia Nakiire; Edward Chelangat Okarikod; Leonard Cheptoyek; Barasa Emmanuel Wangila; Michael Wanje; Patrick Tusiime; Lilian Bulage; Henry Mwebesa; Alex Riolexus Ario; Issa Makumbi; Anne Nakinsige; Allan Muruta; Miriam Nanyunja; Jaco Homsy; Bao‐Ping Zhu; Lisa Nelson; Pontiano Kaleebu; Pierre E. Rollin; Stuart T. Nichol; John D. Klena; Julius J. Lutwama | PLoS neglected tropical diseases | 2,019 | This outbreak of MVD occurred as a family cluster with no additional transmission outside of the four related cases. Rapid case detection, prompt laboratory testing at the Uganda National VHF Reference Laboratory and presence of pre-trained, well-prepared national and district rapid response teams facilitated the containment and control of this outbreak within one month, preventing nationwide and global transmission of the disease. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30883555/ | https://openalex.org/W2922424439 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | EXCLUDE | #4747 | true |
PMID_26209681 | Both | 26,209,681 | PMC3437705 | 10.1093/infdis/jiv351 | Multidistrict Outbreak of Marburg Virus Disease—Uganda, 2012 | Barbara Knust; Ilana J. Schafer; Joseph Francis Wamala; Luke Nyakarahuka; Charles Okot; Trevor Shoemaker; Kimberly A. Dodd; Aridth Gibbons; Stephen Balinandi; Alex Tumusiime; Shelley Campbell; Edmund Newman; Estrella Lasry; Hilde Declerck; Yap Boum; Issa Makumbi; Henry Kyobe Bosa; Anthony K. Mbonye; Jane Ruth Aceng; Stuart T. Nichol; Ute Ströher; Pierre E. Rollin | The Journal of Infectious Diseases | 2,015 | In October 2012, a cluster of illnesses and deaths was reported in Uganda and was confirmed to be an outbreak of Marburg virus disease (MVD). Patients meeting the case criteria were interviewed using a standard investigation form, and blood specimens were tested for evidence of acute or recent Marburg virus infection by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The total count of confirmed and probable MVD cases was 26, of which 15 (58%) were fatal. Four of 15 laboratory-confirmed cases (27%) were fatal. Case patients were located in 4 different districts in Uganda, although all chains of transmission originated in Ibanda District, and the earliest case detected had an onset in July 2012. No zoonotic exposures were identified. Symptoms significantly associated with being a MVD case included hiccups, anorexia, fatigue, vomiting, sore throat, and difficulty swallowing. Contact with a case patient and attending a funeral were also significantly associated with being a case. Average RT-PCR cycle threshold values for fatal cases during the acute phase of illness were significantly lower than those for nonfatal cases. Following the institution of contact tracing, active case surveillance, care of patients with isolation precautions, community mobilization, and rapid diagnostic testing, the outbreak was successfully contained 14 days after its initial detection. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26209681/ | https://openalex.org/W2268158888 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | INCLUDE | #3605 | true |
PMID_15078595 | OpenAlex | 15,078,595 | null | 10.3201/eid1001.030125 | Ecologic and Geographic Distribution of Filovirus Disease | A. Townsend Peterson; John Bauer; James N. Mills | Emerging infectious diseases | 2,004 | We used ecologic niche modeling of outbreaks and sporadic cases of filovirus-associated hemorrhagic fever (HF) to provide a large-scale perspective on the geographic and ecologic distributions of Ebola and Marburg viruses. We predicted that filovirus would occur across the Afrotropics: Ebola HF in the humid rain forests of central and western Africa, and Marburg HF in the drier and more open areas of central and eastern Africa. Most of the predicted geographic extent of Ebola HF appear to have been observed; Marburg HF has the potential to occur farther south and east. Ecologic conditions appropriate for Ebola HF are also present in Southeast Asia and the Philippines, where Ebola Reston is hypothesized to be distributed. This first large-scale ecologic analysis provides a framework for a more informed search for taxa that could constitute the natural reservoir for this virus family. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15078595/ | https://openalex.org/W2169669039 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | INCLUDE | #1856 | true |
PMID_36209757 | Both | 36,209,757 | null | 10.1016/s2666-5247(22)00258-0 | Marburg virus outbreak in 2022: a public health concern | Yusha Araf; Sumaiya Tasnim Maliha; Jingbo Zhai; Chunfu Zheng | The Lancet Microbe | 2,022 | Marburg virus—discovered by virologists in Marburg following a 19761WHOMarburg virus disease.https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/marburg-virus-diseaseDate: August, 2021Date accessed: August 19, 2022Google Scholar outbreak in Marburg and Frankfurt, Germany, and in Belgrade, Serbia2Joi P The next pandemic: Marburg?.https://www.gavi.org/vaccineswork/next-pandemic/marburg?gclid=CjwKCAjw6fyXBhBgEiwAhhiZsv7fDPD18jtSeAXRzEiQQ\Z6Zu456E3q7IDfbFEmYc26chZqOoUIozhoC6YoQAvD_BwEDate: April 22, 2021Date accessed: August 19, 2022Google Scholar—is a member of the Filoviridae family and is as deadly as Ebola virus,2Joi P The next pandemic: Marburg?.https://www.gavi.org/vaccineswork/next-pandemic/marburg?gclid=CjwKCAjw6fyXBhBgEiwAhhiZsv7fDPD18jtSeAXRzEiQQ\Z6Zu456E3q7IDfbFEmYc26chZqOoUIozhoC6YoQAvD_BwEDate: April 22, 2021Date accessed: August 19, 2022Google Scholar also a member of Filoviridae. Marburg virus can be transmitted to humans from fruit bats and spread through human-to-human transmission.1WHOMarburg virus disease.https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/marburg-virus-diseaseDate: August, 2021Date accessed: August 19, 2022Google Scholar In 2004, Angola, in central Africa, faced the largest known outbreak of Marburg virus disease,2Joi P The next pandemic: Marburg?.https://www.gavi.org/vaccineswork/next-pandemic/marburg?gclid=CjwKCAjw6fyXBhBgEiwAhhiZsv7fDPD18jtSeAXRzEiQQ\Z6Zu456E3q7IDfbFEmYc26chZqOoUIozhoC6YoQAvD_BwEDate: April 22, 2021Date accessed: August 19, 2022Google Scholar which had a 90% fatality rate, with 227 deaths among 252 infected people.2Joi P The next pandemic: Marburg?.https://www.gavi.org/vaccineswork/next-pandemic/marburg?gclid=CjwKCAjw6fyXBhBgEiwAhhiZsv7fDPD18jtSeAXRzEiQQ\Z6Zu456E3q7IDfbFEmYc26chZqOoUIozhoC6YoQAvD_BwEDate: April 22, 2021Date accessed: August 19, 2022Google Scholar, 3CIDRAPAngola declares worst Marburg outbreak over.https://www.cidrap.umn.edu/news-perspective/2005/11/angola-declares-worst-marburg-outbreak-overDate: Nov, 10, 2005Date accessed: September 6, 2022Google Scholar In July, 2022, after almost 18 years, two cases of Marburg virus disease were identified in the Ashanti region of Ghana, in west Africa.4WHOMarburg virus disease—Ghana.https://www.who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak-news/item/2022-DON402Date: July, 2022Date accessed: August 19, 2022Google Scholar According to WHO, the risk of this 2022 outbreak spreading is high at the national level and low at the global level.4WHOMarburg virus disease—Ghana.https://www.who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak-news/item/2022-DON402Date: July, 2022Date accessed: August 19, 2022Google Scholar However, there is a risk that this outbreak will spread to other nations because the first reported patient with Marburg virus disease had travelled from Ghana's Western region (which borders Côte d'Ivoire) to the Ashanti region a few days before symptom onset. Like Ebola virus, Marburg virus spreads from human to human through the bodily fluids of infected people.2Joi P The next pandemic: Marburg?.https://www.gavi.org/vaccineswork/next-pandemic/marburg?gclid=CjwKCAjw6fyXBhBgEiwAhhiZsv7fDPD18jtSeAXRzEiQQ\Z6Zu456E3q7IDfbFEmYc26chZqOoUIozhoC6YoQAvD_BwEDate: April 22, 2021Date accessed: August 19, 2022Google Scholar Thus, a patient's family members and health workers could become infected by treating the infected person. Because the incubation period of Marburg virus could be up to 3 weeks, increasing globalisation and international travel increase the risk of global spread,2Joi P The next pandemic: Marburg?.https://www.gavi.org/vaccineswork/next-pandemic/marburg?gclid=CjwKCAjw6fyXBhBgEiwAhhiZsv7fDPD18jtSeAXRzEiQQ\Z6Zu456E3q7IDfbFEmYc26chZqOoUIozhoC6YoQAvD_BwEDate: April 22, 2021Date accessed: August 19, 2022Google Scholar creating the potential for a pandemic and major public health threat given the high fatality rate of the disease. Concerningly, no specific vaccines or antiviral treatments are currently approved for Marburg virus disease.2Joi P The next pandemic: Marburg?.https://www.gavi.org/vaccineswork/next-pandemic/marburg?gclid=CjwKCAjw6fyXBhBgEiwAhhiZsv7fDPD18jtSeAXRzEiQQ\Z6Zu456E3q7IDfbFEmYc26chZqOoUIozhoC6YoQAvD_BwEDate: April 22, 2021Date accessed: August 19, 2022Google Scholar With no therapeutics and a high fatality rate, future outbreaks and a pandemic remain possible. Therefore, urgent consideration of Marburg virus disease and ways in which to prevent a pandemic due to this virus is essential. Vaccines against Marburg virus need to be developed, and antivirals specific to the virus need to be produced. Governments of all countries should ensure the availability of therapeutics for Marburg virus disease for their citizens. Most importantly, measures should be taken immediately to prevent further transmission in the three regions of Ghana (Ashanti, Savannah, and Western regions)4WHOMarburg virus disease—Ghana.https://www.who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak-news/item/2022-DON402Date: July, 2022Date accessed: August 19, 2022Google Scholar in which contacts of the two confirmed cases have been identified. Preventing transmission of the virus in these affected areas of Ghana can limit risk of global spread. Additionally, it would be beneficial to initiate programmes worldwide, through mass media and social media, to increase awareness among the general population regarding Marburg virus disease and the associated risks of bat-to-human and human-to-human transmission. Raising concern early among people worldwide is essential to preventing a future outbreak and possible pandemic of Marburg virus disease. We declare no competing interests. YA and STM contributed equally. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36209757/ | https://openalex.org/W4302759310 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | INCLUDE | #5294 | true |
PMID_811315 | Both | 811,315 | PMC1675587 | 10.1136/bmj.4.5995.489 | Outbreake of Marburg virus disease in Johannesburg. | J Gear; G A Cassel; A J Gear; B Trappler; Louise Nygaard Clausen; A.M. Meyers; M C Kew; T. H. Bothwell; R Sher; G B Miller; Josef Schneider; H J Koornhof; Gomperts Ed; M Isaäcson; J. H. S. Gear | BMJ | 1,975 | The first recognised outbreak of Marburg virus disease in Africa, and the first since the original epidemic in West Germany and Yugoslavia in 1967, occurred in South Africa in February 1975. The primary case was in a young Australian man , who was admitted to the Johannesburg Hospital after having toured Rhodesia. Two secondary cases occurred, one being in the first patient's travelling companion, and the other in a nurse. Features of the illness included high fever, myalgia, vomiting and diarrhoea, hepatitis, a characteristic maculopapular rash, leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, and a bleeding tendency. The first patient died on the seventh day from haemorrhage resulting from a combination of disseminated intravascular coagulation and hepatic failure. The other two patients were given vigorous supportive treatment and prophylactic heparin and recovered after an acute phase lasting about seven days. During this period on developed pancreatitis, the serum amylase remaining raised until the 32nd day after the onset of the illness. The other developed unilateral uveitis after having been asymptomatic for two months. This persisted for several weeks and Marburg virus was cultured from the anterior chamber of the eye. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/811315/ | https://openalex.org/W1979049945 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | INCLUDE | INCLUDE | #3795 | true |
PMID_23029039 | Both | 23,029,039 | PMC1626099 | 10.1371/journal.pone.0045479 | Virological and Serological Findings in Rousettus aegyptiacus Experimentally Inoculated with Vero Cells-Adapted Hogan Strain of Marburg Virus | Janusz T. Pawęska; Petrus Jansen van Vuren; Justin Masumu; Patricia A. Leman; Antoinette A. Grobbelaar; Monica Birkhead; Sarah J. Clift; Robert Swanepoel; Alan C. Kemp | PLoS ONE | 2,012 | The Egyptian fruit bat, Rousettus aegyptiacus, is currently regarded as a potential reservoir host for Marburg virus (MARV). However, the modes of transmission, the level of viral replication, tissue tropism and viral shedding pattern remains to be described. Captive-bred R. aegyptiacus, including adult males, females and pups were exposed to MARV by different inoculation routes. Blood, tissues, feces and urine from 9 bats inoculated by combination of nasal and oral routes were all negative for the virus and ELISA IgG antibody could not be demonstrated for up to 21 days post inoculation (p.i.). In 21 bats inoculated by a combination of intraperitoneal/subcutaneous route, viremia and the presence of MARV in different tissues was detected on days 2-9 p.i., and IgG antibody on days 9-21 p.i. In 3 bats inoculated subcutaneously, viremia was detected on days 5 and 8 (termination of experiment), with virus isolation from different organs. MARV could not be detected in urine, feces or oral swabs in any of the 3 experimental groups. However, it was detected in tissues which might contribute to horizontal or vertical transmission, e.g. lung, intestines, kidney, bladder, salivary glands, and female reproductive tract. Viremia lasting at least 5 days could also facilitate MARV mechanical transmission by blood sucking arthropods and infections of susceptible vertebrate hosts by direct contact with infected blood. All bats were clinically normal and no gross pathology was identified on post mortem examination. This work confirms the susceptibility of R. aegyptiacus to infection with MARV irrespective of sex and age and contributes to establishing a bat-filovirus experimental model. Further studies are required to uncover the mode of MARV transmission, and to investigate the putative role of R. aegyptiacus as a reservoir host. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23029039/ | https://openalex.org/W2039607104 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | EXCLUDE | #1868 | true |
PMID_15937495 | Both | 15,937,495 | null | 10.1038/nm1258 | Live attenuated recombinant vaccine protects nonhuman primates against Ebola and Marburg viruses | Steven J.M. Jones; Heinz Feldmann; Ute Ströher; Joan B. Geisbert; Lisa Fernando; Allen Grolla; Hans-Dieter Klenk; Nancy J. Sullivan; Viktor E. Volchkov; Elizabeth A. Fritz; Kathleen M Daddario; Lisa E. Hensley; Peter B. Jahrling; Thomas W. Geisbert | Nature Medicine | 2,005 | Vaccines and therapies are urgently needed to address public health needs stemming from emerging pathogens and biological threat agents such as the filoviruses Ebola virus (EBOV) and Marburg virus (MARV). Here, we developed replication-competent vaccines against EBOV and MARV based on attenuated recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus vectors expressing either the EBOV glycoprotein or MARV glycoprotein. A single intramuscular injection of the EBOV or MARV vaccine elicited completely protective immune responses in nonhuman primates against lethal EBOV or MARV challenges. Notably, vaccine vector shedding was not detectable in the monkeys and none of the animals developed fever or other symptoms of illness associated with vaccination. The EBOV vaccine induced humoral and apparent cellular immune responses in all vaccinated monkeys, whereas the MARV vaccine induced a stronger humoral than cellular immune response. No evidence of EBOV or MARV replication was detected in any of the protected animals after challenge. Our data suggest that these vaccine candidates are safe and highly efficacious in a relevant animal model. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15937495/ | https://openalex.org/W2030292647 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | EXCLUDE | #2587 | true |
PMID_23202446 | OpenAlex | 23,202,446 | null | 10.3390/v4101878 | Forty-Five Years of Marburg Virus Research | Kristina Brauburger; Adam J. Hume; Elke Mühlberger; Judith Olejnik | Viruses | 2,012 | In 1967, the first reported filovirus hemorrhagic fever outbreak took place in Germany and the former Yugoslavia. The causative agent that was identified during this outbreak, Marburg virus, is one of the most deadly human pathogens. This article provides a comprehensive overview of our current knowledge about Marburg virus disease ranging from ecology to pathogenesis and molecular biology. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23202446/ | https://openalex.org/W2133984373 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | INCLUDE | #2735 | true |
PMID_9988154 | Both | 9,988,154 | null | 10.1086/514322 | An Introduction to Ebola: The Virus and the Disease | CJ Peters; James W. LeDuc | The Journal of Infectious Diseases | 1,999 | A number of colleagues, both in the laboratory and in the field, agreed to prepare reports reflecting recent research, thus permitting this supplement to the Journal of Infectious Dis- Ebola, the Second Known Filovirus eases, which provides a single source for substantial new, peerreviewed information. We have somewhat arbitrarily divided Humans Meet Ebola Virus in Africa, 1976 the supplement into the categories of clinical observations; In the late 1970s, the international community was again epidemiology and surveillance; ecology and natural history; startled, this time by the discovery of Ebola virus [10] as the virology and pathogenesis; experimental therapy; control, re- causative agent of major outbreaks of hemorrhagic fever in the sponse, prevention; and conclusions. ‘‘Ebola,’’ however, is not Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) [11] and Sudan [12]. just one Ebola: There are 4 distinguishable subtypes, whose International scientific teams that arrived to deal with these phylogenetic tree is shown on page iii of this supplement [1 ‐ highly virulent epidemics found that transmission had largely 3]. Because the subtypes, which may even be different virus ceased; however, they could reconstruct considerable data from species, have differing properties, we have grouped the papers the survivors. Medical facilities had been closed because of by the subtype discussed within each subject area. the high death toll among the staff, thus eliminating major centers for dissemination of infection through the use of unsterilized needles and syringes and the lack of barrier-nursing techMarburg, the First Known Filovirus niques. In contrast, patients in the affected villages were segreBiomedical science first encountered the virus family Filovi- gated through traditional methods of quarantine, a step that ridae when Marburg virus appeared in 1967 [4]. At that time, controlled the situation outside the clinics. Much of the inforcommercial laboratory workers with a severe and unusual dis- mation concerning these outbreaks has been previously summaease were admitted to a hospital in Marburg, Germany. The rized [13]. attending physician recognized the distinctive clinical picture The international alarm and research efforts that arose in as additional cases appeared, and an investigation led to the response to these outbreaks quickly dwindled when the only isolation and identification of the immediate source of the virus convincing evidence that Ebola virus infections were continuas green monkeys imported from Africa for use in research ing among humans consisted of a small outbreak in the Sudan and vaccine production. The monkeys, some of which had been in 1979 [14] and 1 case in Tandala, DRC, in 1977 [15]. shipped to Frankfurt, Germany, and Belgrade, Yugoslavia, were euthanatized, and the epidemic was contained with only 31 human cases and one generation of secondary transmission Ebola Virus Visits the United States: The Virus Family Grows to health care workers and family members. Nevertheless, the In 1989, Ebola surprised us once more when it appeared in bizarre morphology of the virions, the 23% human mortality, monkeys imported into a Reston, Virginia, primate facility and the failure to identify the natural history of the virus left outside of Washington, DC. Epidemics in cynomolgus monfear among many who were concerned with the role of viruses keys (Macaca fascicularis) occurred in this facility and others in human economy. Quarantine procedures were put in place through 1992 [16 ‐ 17] and recurred in 1996, as reported in this | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9988154/ | https://openalex.org/W1991345768 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | EXCLUDE | #1857 | true |
PMID_12089242 | Both | 12,089,242 | PMC1586880 | 10.1128/jcm.40.7.2323-2330.2002 | Rapid Detection and Quantification of RNA of Ebola and Marburg Viruses, Lassa Virus, Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus, Rift Valley Fever Virus, Dengue Virus, and Yellow Fever Virus by Real-Time Reverse Transcription-PCR | Christian Drosten; Stephan Göttig; Stefan Schilling; Marcel Asper; Marcus Panning; Herbert Schmitz; Stephan Günther | Journal of Clinical Microbiology | 2,002 | ABSTRACT Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) are acute infections with high case fatality rates. Important VHF agents are Ebola and Marburg viruses (MBGV/EBOV), Lassa virus (LASV), Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), dengue virus (DENV), and yellow fever virus (YFV). VHFs are clinically difficult to diagnose and to distinguish; a rapid and reliable laboratory diagnosis is required in suspected cases. We have established six one-step, real-time reverse transcription-PCR assays for these pathogens based on the Superscript reverse transcriptase-Platinum Taq polymerase enzyme mixture. Novel primers and/or 5′-nuclease detection probes were designed for RVFV, DENV, YFV, and CCHFV by using the latest DNA database entries. PCR products were detected in real time on a LightCycler instrument by using 5′-nuclease technology (RVFV, DENV, and YFV) or SybrGreen dye intercalation (MBGV/EBOV, LASV, and CCHFV). The inhibitory effect of SybrGreen on reverse transcription was overcome by initial immobilization of the dye in the reaction capillaries. Universal cycling conditions for SybrGreen and 5′-nuclease probe detection were established. Thus, up to three assays could be performed in parallel, facilitating rapid testing for several pathogens. All assays were thoroughly optimized and validated in terms of analytical sensitivity by using in vitro-transcribed RNA. The ≥95% detection limits as determined by probit regression analysis ranged from 1,545 to 2,835 viral genome equivalents/ml of serum (8.6 to 16 RNA copies per assay). The suitability of the assays was exemplified by detection and quantification of viral RNA in serum samples of VHF patients. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12089242/ | https://openalex.org/W2107922358 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | EXCLUDE | #2511 | true |
PMID_17370518 | OpenAlex | 17,370,518 | null | 10.3201/eid1301.060837 | Panmicrobial Oligonucleotide Array for Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases | Gustavo Palacios; Phenix‐Lan Quan; Omar Jabado; Sean Conlan; David L. Hirschberg; Yang Liu; Junhui Zhai; Neil Renwick; Jeffrey Hui; Hédi Hegyi; Allen Grolla; James E. Strong; Jonathan S. Towner; Thomas W. Geisbert; Peter B. Jahrling; C. Büchen‐Osmond; Heinz Ellerbrok; María Paz Sánchez‐Seco; Yves A. Lussier; Pierre Formenty; Stuart T. Nichol; Heinz Feldmann; Thomas Briese; W. Ian Lipkin | Emerging infectious diseases | 2,007 | To facilitate rapid, unbiased, differential diagnosis of infectious diseases, we designed GreeneChipPm, a panmicrobial microarray comprising 29,455 sixty-mer oligonucleotide probes for vertebrate viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites. Methods for nucleic acid preparation, random primed PCR amplification, and labeling were optimized to allow the sensitivity required for application with nucleic acid extracted from clinical materials and cultured isolates. Analysis of nasopharyngeal aspirates, blood, urine, and tissue from persons with various infectious diseases confirmed the presence of viruses and bacteria identified by other methods, and implicated Plasmodium falciparum in an unexplained fatal case of hemorrhagic feverlike disease during the Marburg hemorrhagic fever outbreak in Angola in 2004-2005. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17370518/ | https://openalex.org/W2100095805 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | EXCLUDE | #1907 | true |
DOI_1f7dbb45fe67 | OpenAlex | null | null | 10.1093/trstmh/trv024 | Mapping the zoonotic niche of Marburg virus disease in Africa | David M. Pigott; Nick Golding; Adrian Mylne; Zhi Huang; Daniel J. Weiss; Oliver J. Brady; Moritz U. G. Kraemer; Simon I Hay | Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene | 2,015 | Background: Marburg virus disease (MVD) describes a viral haemorrhagic fever responsible for a number of out-breaks across eastern and southern Africa. It is a zoonotic disease, with the Egyptian rousette (Rousettus aegyp-tiacus) identified as a reservoir host. Infection is suspected to result from contact between this reservoir and human populations, with occasional secondary human-to-human transmission. Methods: Index cases of previous human outbreaks were identified and reports of infection in animals recorded. These data were modelled within a species distribution modelling framework in order to generate a probabilistic surface of zoonotic transmission potential of MVD across sub-Saharan Africa. Results: Areas suitable for zoonotic transmission of MVD are predicted in 27 countries inhabited by 105 million people. Regions are suggested for exploratory surveys to better characterise the geographical distribution of the disease, as well as for directing efforts to communicate the risk of practices enhancing zoonotic contact. Conclusions: These maps can inform future contingency and preparedness strategies for MVD control, especially where secondary transmission is a risk. Coupling this risk map with patient travel histories could be used to guide the differential diagnosis of highly transmissible pathogens, enabling more rapid response to outbreaks of haemorrhagic fever. | https://doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/trv024 | https://openalex.org/W2197717400 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | INCLUDE | #1849 | true |
PMID_16775337 | Both | 16,775,337 | PMC237485 | 10.1128/jvi.00069-06 | Marburgvirus Genomics and Association with a Large Hemorrhagic Fever Outbreak in Angola | Jonathan S. Towner; Marina L. Khristova; Tara K. Sealy; Martin J. Vincent; Bobbie R. Erickson; Darcy A. Bawiec; Amy L. Hartman; James A. Comer; Sherif R. Zaki; Ute Ströher; Filomena Gomes da Silva; Fernando del Castillo; Pierre E. Rollin; Thomas G. Ksiazek; Stuart T. Nichol | Journal of Virology | 2,006 | ABSTRACT In March 2005, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) investigated a large hemorrhagic fever (HF) outbreak in Uige Province in northern Angola, West Africa. In total, 15 initial specimens were sent to CDC, Atlanta, Ga., for testing for viruses associated with viral HFs known to be present in West Africa, including ebolavirus. Marburgvirus was also included despite the fact that the origins of all earlier outbreaks were linked directly to East Africa. Surprisingly, marburgvirus was confirmed (12 of 15 specimens) as the cause of the outbreak. The outbreak likely began in October 2004 and ended in July 2005, and it included 252 cases and 227 (90%) fatalities (report from the Ministry of Health, Republic of Angola, 2005), making it the largest Marburg HF outbreak on record. A real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR assay utilized and adapted during the outbreak proved to be highly sensitive and sufficiently robust for field use. Partial marburgvirus RNA sequence analysis revealed up to 21% nucleotide divergence among the previously characterized East African strains, with the most distinct being Ravn from Kenya (1987). The Angolan strain was less different (∼7%) from the main group of East African marburgviruses than one might expect given the large geographic separation. To more precisely analyze the virus genetic differences between outbreaks and among viruses within the Angola outbreak itself, a total of 16 complete virus genomes were determined, including those of the virus isolates Ravn (Kenya, 1987) and 05DRC, 07DRC, and 09DRC (Democratic Republic of Congo, 1998) and the reference Angolan virus isolate (Ang1379v). In addition, complete genome sequences were obtained from RNAs extracted from 10 clinical specimens reflecting various stages of the disease and locations within the Angolan outbreak. While the marburgviruses exhibit high overall genetic diversity (up to 22%), only 6.8% nucleotide difference was found between the West African Angolan viruses and the majority of East African viruses, suggesting that the virus reservoir species in these regions are not substantially distinct. Remarkably few nucleotide differences were found among the Angolan clinical specimens (0 to 0.07%), consistent with an outbreak scenario in which a single (or rare) introduction of virus from the reservoir species into the human population was followed by person-to-person transmission with little accumulation of mutations. This is in contrast to the 1998 to 2000 marburgvirus outbreak, where evidence of several virus genetic lineages (with up to 21% divergence) and multiple virus introductions into the human population was found. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16775337/ | https://openalex.org/W1993413375 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | INCLUDE | INCLUDE | #1613 | true |
PMID_18216185 | Both | 18,216,185 | PMC224991 | 10.1128/cvi.00431-07 | Vaccine To Confer to Nonhuman Primates Complete Protection against Multistrain Ebola and Marburg Virus Infections | Dana L. Swenson; Danher Wang; Min Luo; Kelly L. Warfield; Jan Woraratanadharm; David H. Holman; John Y. Dong; William D. Pratt | Clinical and Vaccine Immunology | 2,008 | ABSTRACT Filoviruses (Ebola and Marburg viruses) are among the deadliest viruses known to mankind, with mortality rates nearing 90%. These pathogens are highly infectious through contact with infected body fluids and can be easily aerosolized. Additionally, there are currently no licensed vaccines available to prevent filovirus outbreaks. Their high mortality rates and infectious capabilities when aerosolized and the lack of licensed vaccines available to prevent such infectious make Ebola and Marburg viruses serious bioterrorism threats, placing them both on the category A list of bioterrorism agents. Here we describe a panfilovirus vaccine based on a complex adenovirus (CAdVax) technology that expresses multiple antigens from five different filoviruses de novo. Vaccination of nonhuman primates demonstrated 100% protection against infection by two species of Ebola virus and three Marburg virus subtypes, each administered at 1,000 times the lethal dose. This study indicates the feasibility of vaccination against all current filovirus threats in the event of natural hemorrhagic fever outbreak or biological attack. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18216185/ | https://openalex.org/W2138000140 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | EXCLUDE | #1646 | true |
PMID_30053050 | OpenAlex | 30,053,050 | null | 10.1093/infdis/jiy367 | New Insights Into Marburg Virus Disease Pathogenesis in the Rhesus Macaque Model | Timothy K. Cooper; Jennifer Sword; Joshua C. Johnson; Amanda Bonilla; Randy Hart; David X. Liu; John G. Bernbaum; Kurt Cooper; Peter B. Jahrling; Lisa E. Hensley | The Journal of Infectious Diseases | 2,018 | Previously, several studies have been performed to delineate the development and progression of Marburg virus infection in nonhuman primates (NHPs), primarily to clarify the mechanisms of severe (fatal) disease. After the 2013-2016 Ebola virus disease (EVD) epidemic in Western Africa, there has been a reassessment of the available filovirus animal models and the utility of these to faithfully recapitulate human disease. The high lethality of the NHP models has raised doubts as to their ability to provide meaningful data for the full spectrum of disease observed in humans. Of particular interest are the etiologic and pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying postconvalescent sequelae observed in human survivors of EVD and Marburg virus disease (MVD). In the current study, we evaluated the lesions of MVD in NHPs; however, in contrast to previous studies, we focused on the potential for development of sequelae similar to those reported in human survivors of MVD and EVD. We found that during acute MVD in the macaque model, there is frequent inflammation of peripheral nerves, autonomic ganglia, and the iris of the eye. Furthermore, we demonstrate viral infection of the ocular ciliary body and retina, testis, epididymis, ovary, oviduct, uterine endometrium, prostate, and mammary gland. These findings are relevant for both development of postconvalescent sequelae and the natural transmission of virus. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30053050/ | https://openalex.org/W2883602978 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | EXCLUDE | #2572 | true |
PMID_18258034 | OpenAlex | 18,258,034 | null | 10.3201/eid1312.071115 | Studies of Reservoir Hosts for Marburg Virus | Robert Swanepoel; Sheilagh Smit; Pierre E. Rollin; Pierre Formenty; Patricia A. Leman; Alan C. Kemp; Felicity J. Burt; Antoinette A. Grobbelaar; Janice E. Croft; Daniel G. Bausch; H. Zeller; Herwig Leirs; Leo Braack; Modeste L. Libande; Sherif R. Zaki; Stuart T. Nichol; Thomas G. Ksiazek; Janusz T. Pawęska; on behalf of the International Scientific | Emerging infectious diseases | 2,007 | To determine reservoir hosts for Marburg virus (MARV), we examined the fauna of a mine in northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. The mine was associated with a protracted outbreak of Marburg hemorrhagic fever during 1998-2000. We found MARV nucleic acid in 12 bats, comprising 3.0%-3.6% of 2 species of insectivorous bat and 1 species of fruit bat. We found antibody to the virus in the serum of 9.7% of 1 of the insectivorous species and in 20.5% of the fruit bat species, but attempts to isolate virus were unsuccessful. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18258034/ | https://openalex.org/W2061033820 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | INCLUDE | #1648 | true |
PMID_15588056 | Both | 15,588,056 | null | 10.1089/bsp.2004.2.186 | Marburg and Ebola Viruses as Aerosol Threats | Elizabeth K. Leffel; Douglas S. Reed | Biosecurity and Bioterrorism Biodefense Strategy Practice and Science | 2,004 | Ebola and Marburg viruses are the sole members of the genus Filovirus in the family Filoviridae. There has been considerable media attention and fear generated by outbreaks of filoviruses because they can cause a severe viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF) syndrome that has a rapid onset and high mortality. Although they are not naturally transmitted by aerosol, they are highly infectious as respirable particles under laboratory conditions. For these and other reasons, filoviruses are classified as category A biological weapons. However, there is very little data from animal studies with aerosolized filoviruses. Animal models of filovirus exposure are not well characterized, and there are discrepancies between these models and what has been observed in human outbreaks. Building on published results from aerosol studies, as well as a review of the history, epidemiology, and disease course of naturally occurring outbreaks, we offer an aerobiologist's perspective on the threat posed by aerosolized filoviruses. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15588056/ | https://openalex.org/W1997380883 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | INCLUDE | #2171 | true |
PMID_25297522 | Both | 25,297,522 | null | 10.1002/path.4456 | Tissue and cellular tropism, pathology and pathogenesis of Ebola and Marburg viruses | Roosecelis B. Martines; Dianna Ng; Patricia W. Greer; Pierre E. Rollin; Sherif R. Zaki | The Journal of Pathology | 2,014 | Abstract Ebola viruses and Marburg viruses include some of the most virulent and fatal pathogens known to humans. These viruses cause severe haemorrhagic fevers, with case fatality rates in the range 25–90%. The diagnosis of filovirus using formalin‐fixed tissues from fatal cases poses a significant challenge. The most characteristic histopathological findings are seen in the liver; however, the findings overlap with many other viral and non‐viral haemorrhagic diseases. The need to distinguish filovirus infections from other haemorrhagic fevers, particularly in areas with multiple endemic viral haemorrhagic agents, is of paramount importance. In this review we discuss the current state of knowledge of filovirus infections and their pathogenesis, including histopathological findings, epidemiology, modes of transmission and filovirus entry and spread within host organisms. The pathogenesis of filovirus infections is complex and involves activation of the mononuclear phagocytic system, with release of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and growth factors, endothelial dysfunction, alterations of the innate and adaptive immune systems, direct organ and endothelial damage from unrestricted viral replication late in infection, and coagulopathy. Although our understanding of the pathogenesis of filovirus infections has rapidly increased in the past few years, many questions remain unanswered. Copyright © 2014 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25297522/ | https://openalex.org/W1545010974 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | EXCLUDE | #2062 | true |
PMID_12853377 | OpenAlex | 12,853,377 | null | 10.1128/cdli.10.4.506-513.2003 | Immunological Methods for Detection and Identification of Infectious Disease and Biological Warfare Agents | Anne Harwood Peruski; Leonard F. Peruski | Clinical and Vaccine Immunology | 2,003 | PROBLEMBW agents.The release of a biological weapon (BW) agent by a terrorist group or military force would likely be silent and undetectable or nearly so.As shown by anthrax attack during the fall of 2001 in the eastern United States, patients would begin appearing at hospitals and clinics within several days of exposure, most presenting with nonspecific flu-like symptoms.The first days of the outbreak might not even cause undue concern.However, depending on the type of agent and the method of dispersal, the public healthcare system would rapidly be stretched to capacity and beyond.The qualities that make a good BW agent are its relationship between aerosolization, infectivity, or toxicity and the amount of agent required to produce an effect (48).In addition, criteria such as environmental stability, ease of production, disease severity, and communicability determine which agents are the most likely to be utilized.For maximum effect, an optimal agent should be highly lethal and easily produced in large quantities and have limited options for preventive or prophylactic treatment.Given that the respiratory route is the most effective for most BW agents, stability in an aerosol form and the capability to be readily dispersed also in an aerosol (1-to 10-m particle size) are necessary.When potential agents are reviewed for these characteristics, Bacillus anthracis (anthrax) and variola major virus (smallpox) are considered to have the greatest potential for mass casualties and civil disruption.Also high on a prospective list of agents are botulinum neurotoxins, Yersinia pestis, and Francisella tularensis (48,91, 92).Lower on the prospective list are Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei, Rickettsia sp., Coxiella burnetii, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, Marburg and Ebola viruses, and influenza viruses (48,63,91, 92).Emerging infectious disease agents.In addition to diseases caused by intentional epidemics, there are several emerging infectious diseases (ID) with the potential for significant public health consequences, including dengue fever, West Nile fever, and Rift Valley fever as well as the recent reemergence of malaria in the eastern United States (48,63,91, 92).As with BW agents, emerging ID agents may be directly transmissible or vector borne (63).A complex interplay of factors can influence disease emergence, including genetic variation, environmental changes, and population pressures.Further compounding this already complicated situation, are the estimated 600 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12853377/ | https://openalex.org/W2163553667 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | false |
PMID_29982632 | Both | 29,982,632 | PMC1277264 | 10.1093/infdis/jiy332 | The Calcium Channel Blocker Bepridil Demonstrates Efficacy in the Murine Model of Marburg Virus Disease | Lisa Evans DeWald; Julie Dyall; Jennifer Sword; Lisa Torzewski; Huanying Zhou; Elena Postnikova; Erin Kollins; Isis Alexander; Robin Gross; Yu Cong; Dawn M. Gerhardt; Reed F. Johnson; Gene G. Olinger; Michael R. Holbrook; Lisa E. Hensley; Peter B. Jahrling | The Journal of Infectious Diseases | 2,018 | No therapeutics are approved for the treatment of filovirus infections. Bepridil, a calcium channel blocker developed for treating angina, was identified as a potent inhibitor of filoviruses in vitro, including Ebola and Marburg viruses, and Ebola virus in vivo. We evaluated the efficacy of bepridil in a lethal mouse model of Marburg virus disease. A dose of 12 mg/kg bepridil once or twice daily resulted in 80% or 90% survival, respectively. These data confirm bepridil's broad-spectrum anti-filovirus activity warranting further investigation of bepridil, or improved compounds with a similar mechanism, as a pan-filovirus therapeutic agent. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29982632/ | https://openalex.org/W2901226061 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | EXCLUDE | #2537 | true |
PMID_36051815 | OpenAlex | 36,051,815 | null | 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104377 | Marburg virus outbreak in Ghana: An impending crisis | Jack Wellington; Ayça Nur; Nicholas Aderinto; Olivier Uwishema; Hassan Chaito; Olutola Awosiku; Yusuf Jaafer Al Tarawneh; Jana Abdul Nasser Sharafeddine; Chinyere Vivian Patrick Onyeaka; Helen Onyeaka | Annals of Medicine and Surgery | 2,022 | Since the initial identification of the Marburg virus in 1967, it has sporadically emerged in several countries throughout Africa, including Zimbabwe, Kenya, South Africa, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Uganda, and Zimbabwe. Due to the concurrent occurrence of other epidemics like the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), this outbreak could endanger the healthcare systems in these many African nations. Recently, two cases of the Marburg virus were detected in Ghana for the first time. However, there has been a noticeable lack of information concerning this recent outbreak of July 2022 in Ghana. Therefore, this article seeks to provide an overview of this outbreak in Ghana to better understand the most recent status and current efforts being made to mitigate the dissemination of the Marburg virus. We also suggest recommendations that may contribute to limiting the burden of this virus. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36051815/ | https://openalex.org/W4292260941 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | EXCLUDE | #4738 | true |
PMID_14720391 | OpenAlex | 14,720,391 | null | 10.3201/eid0912.030355 | Risk Factors for Marburg Hemorrhagic Fever, Democratic Republic of the Congo | Daniel G. Bausch; Matthias Borchert; Thomas Grein; Cathy Roth; Robert Swanepoel; Modeste L. Libande; Antoine Talarmin; E. Bertherat; Jean-Jacques Muyembe-Tamfum; Ben Tugume; Robert Colebunders; Kader M. Kondé; Patricia Pirard; Loku L. Olinda; G Rodier; Patricia T. Campbell; Oyewale Tomori; Thomas G. Ksiazek; Pierre E. Rollin | Emerging infectious diseases | 2,003 | We conducted two antibody surveys to assess risk factors for Marburg hemorrhagic fever in an area of confirmed Marburg virus transmission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Questionnaires were administered and serum samples tested for Marburg-specific antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Fifteen (2%) of 912 participants in a general village cross-sectional antibody survey were positive for Marburg immunoglobulin G antibody. Thirteen (87%) of these 15 were men who worked in the local gold mines. Working as a miner (odds ratio [OR] 13.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.1 to 62.1) and receiving injections (OR 7.4, 95% CI 1.6 to 33.2) were associated with a positive antibody result. All 103 participants in a targeted antibody survey of healthcare workers were antibody negative. Primary transmission of Marburg virus to humans likely occurred via exposure to a still unidentified reservoir in the local mines. Secondary transmission appears to be less common with Marburg virus than with Ebola virus, the other known filovirus. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14720391/ | https://openalex.org/W2143027154 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | INCLUDE | INCLUDE | #2822 | true |
PMID_27335383 | OpenAlex | 27,335,383 | null | 10.1128/cvi.00107-16 | Human Survivors of Disease Outbreaks Caused by Ebola or Marburg Virus Exhibit Cross-Reactive and Long-Lived Antibody Responses | Mohan Natesan; Stig M. R. Jensen; Sarah L. Keasey; Teddy Kamata; Ana I. Kuehne; Spencer W. Stonier; Julius J. Lutwama; Leslie Lobel; John M. Dye; Robert G. Ulrich | Clinical and Vaccine Immunology | 2,016 | ABSTRACT A detailed understanding of serological immune responses to Ebola and Marburg virus infections will facilitate the development of effective diagnostic methods, therapeutics, and vaccines. We examined antibodies from Ebola or Marburg survivors 1 to 14 years after recovery from disease, by using a microarray that displayed recombinant nucleoprotein (NP), viral protein 40 (VP40), envelope glycoprotein (GP), and inactivated whole virions from six species of filoviruses. All three outbreak cohorts exhibited significant antibody responses to antigens from the original infecting species and a pattern of additional filoviruses that varied by outbreak. NP was the most cross-reactive antigen, while GP was the most specific. Antibodies from survivors of infections by Marburg marburgvirus (MARV) species were least cross-reactive, while those from survivors of infections by Sudan virus (SUDV) species exhibited the highest cross-reactivity. Based on results revealed by the protein microarray, persistent levels of antibodies to GP, NP, and VP40 were maintained for up to 14 years after infection, and survival of infection caused by one species imparted cross-reactive antibody responses to other filoviruses. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27335383/ | https://openalex.org/W2462024475 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | INCLUDE | #1956 | true |
PMID_22395071 | Both | 22,395,071 | PMC109772 | 10.1038/emboj.2012.53 | Ebola virus entry requires the host‐programmed recognition of an intracellular receptor | Emily Happy Miller; Gregor Obernosterer; Matthijs Raaben; Andrew S. Herbert; Maïka S. Deffieu; Anuja Krishnan; Esther Ndungo; Rohini G. Sandesara; Jan E. Carette; Ana I. Kuehne; Gordon Ruthel; Suzanne R. Pfeffer; John M. Dye; Sean P. J. Whelan; Thijn R. Brummelkamp; Kartik Chandran | The EMBO Journal | 2,012 | Ebola and Marburg filoviruses cause deadly outbreaks of haemorrhagic fever. Despite considerable efforts, no essential cellular receptors for filovirus entry have been identified. We showed previously that Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1), a lysosomal cholesterol transporter, is required for filovirus entry. Here, we demonstrate that NPC1 is a critical filovirus receptor. Human NPC1 fulfills a cardinal property of viral receptors: it confers susceptibility to filovirus infection when expressed in non-permissive reptilian cells. The second luminal domain of NPC1 binds directly and specifically to the viral glycoprotein, GP, and a synthetic single-pass membrane protein containing this domain has viral receptor activity. Purified NPC1 binds only to a cleaved form of GP that is generated within cells during entry, and only viruses containing cleaved GP can utilize a receptor retargeted to the cell surface. Our findings support a model in which GP cleavage by endosomal cysteine proteases unmasks the binding site for NPC1, and GP-NPC1 engagement within lysosomes promotes a late step in entry proximal to viral escape into the host cytoplasm. NPC1 is the first known viral receptor that recognizes its ligand within an intracellular compartment and not at the plasma membrane. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22395071/ | https://openalex.org/W1760776415 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | EXCLUDE | #2017 | true |
PMID_21987744 | Both | 21,987,744 | PMC2582959 | 10.1093/infdis/jir349 | Recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis Virus–Based Vaccines Against Ebola and Marburg Virus Infections | Thomas W. Geisbert; Heinz Feldmann | The Journal of Infectious Diseases | 2,011 | The filoviruses, Marburg virus and Ebola virus, cause severe hemorrhagic fever with a high mortality rate in humans and nonhuman primates. Among the most-promising filovirus vaccines under development is a system based on recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV) that expresses a single filovirus glycoprotein (GP) in place of the VSV glycoprotein (G). Importantly, a single injection of blended rVSV-based filovirus vaccines was shown to completely protect nonhuman primates against Marburg virus and 3 different species of Ebola virus. These rVSV-based vaccines have also shown utility when administered as a postexposure treatment against filovirus infections, and a rVSV-based Ebola virus vaccine was recently used to treat a potential laboratory exposure. Here, we review the history of rVSV-based vaccines and pivotal animal studies showing their utility in combating Ebola and Marburg virus infections. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21987744/ | https://openalex.org/W2124603089 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | EXCLUDE | #2393 | true |
PMID_16227263 | Both | 16,227,263 | PMC368804 | 10.1128/jvi.79.21.13421-13433.2005 | VP24 of Marburg Virus Influences Formation of Infectious Particles | Sandra Bamberg; Larissa Kolesnikova; Peggy Möller; Hans‐Dieter Klenk; Stephan Becker | Journal of Virology | 2,005 | ABSTRACT The highly pathogenic enveloped Marburg virus (MARV) is composed of seven structural proteins and the nonsegmented negative-sense viral RNA genome. Four proteins (NP, VP35, VP30, and L) make up the helical nucleocapsid, which is surrounded by a matrix that is composed of the viral proteins VP40 and VP24. VP40 is functionally homologous to the matrix proteins of other nonsegmented negative-strand RNA viruses. As yet, the function of VP24 remains elusive. In the present study we found that VP24 colocalized with inclusions in MARV-infected cells that contain preformed nucleocapsids and with nucleocapsids outside the inclusions. Coexpression studies revealed that VP24 is recruited into the inclusions by the presence of NP. Furthermore, VP24 displayed membrane-binding properties and was recruited into filamentous virus-like particles (VLPs) that are induced by VP40. The incorporation of VP24 altered neither the morphology of VLPs nor the budding efficiency of VLPs. When VP24 was silenced in MARV-infected cells by small interfering RNA technology, the release of viral particles was significantly reduced while viral transcription and replication were unimpaired. Our data support the idea that VP24 is essential for a process that takes place after replication and transcription and before budding of virus progeny. It is presumed that VP24 is necessary for the formation of transport-competent nucleocapsids and/or the interaction between the nucleocapsids and the budding sites at the plasma membrane. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16227263/ | https://openalex.org/W1982650637 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | EXCLUDE | #2846 | true |
DOI_e63643f3f7d4 | OpenAlex | null | null | 10.4269/ajtmh.2006.75.1.0750009 | GEOGRAPHIC POTENTIAL FOR OUTBREAKS OF MARBURG HEMORRHAGIC FEVER | A. Townsend Peterson; Ryan R. Lash; Darin S. Carroll; Karl M. Johnson | American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene | 2,006 | Marburg virus represents one of the least well-known of the hemorrhagic fever-causing viruses worldwide; in particular, its geographic potential in Africa remains quite mysterious. Ecologic niche modeling was used to explore the geographic and ecologic potential of Marburg virus in Africa. Model results permitted a reinterpretation of the geographic point of infection in the initiation of the 1975 cases in Zimbabwe, and also anticipated the potential for cases in Angola, where a large outbreak recently (2004–2005) occurred. The geographic potential for additional outbreaks is outlined, including in several countries in which the virus is not known. Overall, results demonstrate that ecologic niche modeling can be a powerful tool in understanding geographic distributions of species and other biologic phenomena such as zoonotic disease transmission from natural reservoir populations. | https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.2006.75.1.0750009 | https://openalex.org/W2128724654 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | INCLUDE | #1853 | true |
PMID_33013898 | OpenAlex | 33,013,898 | null | 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02130 | Viral Emerging Diseases: Challenges in Developing Vaccination Strategies | Maria Trovato; Rossella Sartorius; Luciana D’Apice; Roberta Manco; Piergiuseppe De Berardinis | Frontiers in Immunology | 2,020 | In the last decades, a number of infectious viruses have emerged from wildlife or re-emerged, generating serious threats to the global health and to the economy worldwide. Ebola and Marburg hemorrhagic fevers, Lassa fever, Dengue fever, Yellow fever, West Nile fever, Zika, and Chikungunya vector-borne diseases, Swine flu, Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and the recent Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are examples of zoonoses that have spread throughout the globe with such a significant impact on public health that the scientific community has been called for a rapid intervention in preventing and treating emerging infections. Vaccination is probably the most effective tool in helping the immune system to activate protective responses against pathogens, reducing morbidity and mortality, as proven by historical records. Under health emergency conditions, new and alternative approaches in vaccine design and development are imperative for a rapid and massive vaccination coverage, to manage a disease outbreak and curtail the epidemic spread. This review gives an update on the current vaccination strategies for some of the emerging/re-emerging viruses, and discusses challenges and hurdles to overcome for developing efficacious vaccines against future pathogens. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33013898/ | https://openalex.org/W3083287531 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | EXCLUDE | #6001 | true |
PMID_23940347 | Both | 23,940,347 | PMC3369929 | 10.1073/pnas.1307681110 | Live-cell imaging of Marburg virus-infected cells uncovers actin-dependent transport of nucleocapsids over long distances | Gordian Schudt; Larissa Kolesnikova; Olga Dolnik; Beate Sodeik; Stephan Becker | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences | 2,013 | Transport of large viral nucleocapsids from replication centers to assembly sites requires contributions from the host cytoskeleton via cellular adaptor and motor proteins. For the Marburg and Ebola viruses, related viruses that cause severe hemorrhagic fevers, the mechanism of nucleocapsid transport remains poorly understood. Here we developed and used live-cell imaging of fluorescently labeled viral and host proteins to characterize the dynamics and molecular requirements of nucleocapsid transport in Marburg virus-infected cells under biosafety level 4 conditions. The study showed a complex actin-based transport of nucleocapsids over long distances from the viral replication centers to the budding sites. Only after the nucleocapsids had associated with the matrix viral protein VP40 at the plasma membrane were they recruited into filopodia and cotransported with host motor myosin 10 toward the budding sites at the tip or side of the long cellular protrusions. Three different transport modes and velocities were identified: ( i ) Along actin filaments in the cytosol, nucleocapsids were transported at ∼200 nm/s; ( ii ) nucleocapsids migrated from one actin filament to another at ∼400 nm/s; and ( iii ) VP40-associated nucleocapsids moved inside filopodia at 100 nm/s. Unique insights into the spatiotemporal dynamics of nucleocapsids and their interaction with the cytoskeleton and motor proteins can lead to novel classes of antivirals that interfere with the trafficking and subsequent release of the Marburg virus from infected cells. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23940347/ | https://openalex.org/W2023426103 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | false |
PMID_34960663 | OpenAlex | 34,960,663 | null | 10.3390/v13122394 | Marburg Virus Persistence on Fruit as a Plausible Route of Bat to Primate Filovirus Transmission | Brian R. Amman; Amy J. Schuh; César G. Albariño; Jonathan S. Towner | Viruses | 2,021 | Marburg virus (MARV), the causative agent of Marburg virus disease, emerges sporadically in sub-Saharan Africa and is often fatal in humas. The natural reservoir for this zoonotic virus is the frugivorous Egyptian rousette bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus) that when infected, sheds virus in the highest amounts in oral secretions and urine. Being fruit bats, these animals forage nightly for ripened fruit throughout the year, including those types often preferred by humans. During feeding, they continually discard partially eaten fruit on the ground that could then be consumed by other Marburg virus susceptible animals or humans. In this study, using qRT-PCR and virus isolation, we tested fruit discarded by Egyptian rousette bats experimentally infected with a natural bat isolate of Marburg virus. We then separately tested viral persistence on fruit varieties commonly cultivated in sub-Saharan Africa using a recombinant Marburg virus expressing the fluorescent ZsGreen1. Marburg virus RNA was repeatedly detected on fruit in the food bowls of the infected bats and viable MARV was recovered from inoculated fruit for up to 6 h. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34960663/ | https://openalex.org/W3216821774 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | EXCLUDE | #4768 | true |
DOI_1a52ba7ee6b5 | OpenAlex | null | null | 10.1142/s0218348x2350086x | FRACTIONAL MODELING AND NUMERICAL SIMULATION FOR UNFOLDING MARBURG–MONKEYPOX VIRUS CO-INFECTION TRANSMISSION | Nan Zhang; Emmanuel Addai; Lingling Zhang; Mercy Ngungu; Edmore Marinda; Joshua Kiddy K. Asamoah | Fractals | 2,023 | In this paper, we investigate a deterministic mathematical model of Marburg–Monkeypox virus co-infection transmission under the Caputo fractional-order derivative. We discussed the dynamics behavior of the model and carried out qualitative and quantitative analysis, including the positivity–boundedness of solution, and the basic reproduction number [Formula: see text]. In addition, the Banach and Schauder-type fixed point theorem is utilized to explore the existence–uniqueness of the solution in the suggested model and the proposed model stability under the Ulam–Hyers condition is demonstrated. In numerical simulation, the Predictor–Corrector method is used to determine the numerical solutions. According to the numerical result, increasing the rate of quarantine and detecting unknown Marburg virus, will be the most effective control intervention to reduce Marburg and Monkeypox virus transmission in the population. | https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218348x2350086x | https://openalex.org/W4386417458 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | false |
PMID_37647447 | OpenAlex | 37,647,447 | null | 10.1002/iid3.980 | First‐ever Marburg virus disease outbreak in Equatorial Guinea and Tanzania: An imminent crisis in West and East Africa | Olivier Sibomana; Emmanuel Kubwimana | Immunity Inflammation and Disease | 2,023 | Abstract The Marburg virus, which is a member of the same virus family as the Ebola virus called Filoviridae, causes the severe infectious disease known as Marburg virus disease (MVD). Previously, different outbreaks of MVD have appeared in different African countries, including Ghana, Guinea, Uganda, Angola, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, and South Africa. For the first time, Equatorial Guinea and Tanzania are experiencing MVD outbreaks. A total of 17 laboratory‐confirmed cases of MVD and 23 probable cases have been reported in Equatorial Guinea since the confirmation of the outbreak on February 13, 2023. The first MVD outbreak in the United Republic of Tanzania was formally confirmed by the Ministry of Health on March 21, 2023. As of 22 March, there were eight cases and five fatalities (case fatality ratio [CFR]: 62.5%). Due to the facts that Ebebiyin and Nsock Nsomo districts, the affected regions of Equatorial Guinea, borders Cameroon and Gabon, and Kagera region, the affected region of Tanzania, borders Uganda, Rwanda, and Burundi, there is fear of cross‐border spread of MVD due to cross‐border migrations, and this can be a great crisis in West and East Africa. Although there are currently outbreaks of MVD in Equatorial Guinea and Tanzania, there is currently no proof of an epidemiological connection between the two outbreaks. The aim of this article is to describe MVD, describe its first outbreak in Equatorial Guinea and Tanzania, explain the efforts being used and the challenges being faced in MVD mitigation, and recommend different measures to be taken to cope with the outbreak of MVD in Equatorial Guinea and Tanzania. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37647447/ | https://openalex.org/W4386226352 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | false |
PMID_39236024 | OpenAlex | 39,236,024 | null | 10.1371/journal.pone.0309762 | Epidemiological description of Marburg virus disease outbreak in Kagera region, Northwestern Tanzania | Vida Mmbaga; George Mrema; Danstan Ngenzi; Welema Magoge; Emmanuel Mwakapasa; Frank Jacob; Hamza Matimba; Medard Beyanga; Angela Samweli; Michael Kiremeji; Mary Kitambi; Erasto Sylvanus; Ernest Kyungu; Gerald Manase; Joseph C. Hokororo; Christer Kanyankole; Martin M. Rwabilimbo; Issessanda Kaniki; George Kauki; Maria Ezekiely Kelly; William Mwengee; Gabriel Omoniyi Ayeni; Faraja Msemwa; Grace Saguti; George S. Mgomella; Kokuhabwa Mukurasi; Marcelina Mponela; Eliakimu Paul Kapyolo; Jonathan Mcharo; Mary Mayige; Wangeci Gatei; Ishata Nannie Conteh; Peter Mala; Mahesh Swaminathan; Pius Horumpende; Paschal Ruggajo; Grace Magembe; Zabulon Yoti; Elias Kwesi; Tumaini Nagu | PLoS ONE | 2,024 | Introduction In March 2023, a Marburg Virus Disease (MVD) outbreak was declared in Kagera region, Northwestern Tanzania. This was the first MVD outbreak in the country. We describe the epidemiological characteristics of MVD cases and contacts. Methods The Ministry of Health activated an outbreak response team. Outbreak investigation methods were applied to cases identified through MVD standard case definitions and confirmed through reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR). All identified case contacts were added into the contact listing form and followed up in-person daily for any signs or symptoms for 21 days. Data collected from various forms was managed and analyzed using Excel and QGIS software for mapping. Results A total of nine MVD cases were reported with eight laboratory-confirmed and one probable. Two of the reported cases were frontline healthcare workers and seven were family related members. Cases were children and adults between 1–59 years of age with a median age of 34 years. Six were males. Six cases died equivalent to a case fatality rate (CFR) of 66.7%. A total of 212 individuals were identified as contacts and two (2) became cases. The outbreak was localized in two geo-administrative wards (Maruku and Kanyangereko) of Bukoba District Council. Conclusion Transmission during this outbreak occurred among family members and healthcare workers who provided care to the cases. The delay in detection aggravated the spread and possibly the consequent fatality but once confirmed the swift response stemmed further transmission containing the disease at the epicenter wards. The outbreak lasted for 72 days but as the origin is still unknown, further research is required to explore the source of this outbreak. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39236024/ | https://openalex.org/W4402266250 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | false |
DOI_cabebdb82b34 | OpenAlex | null | null | 10.1088/1402-4896/ad9ae6 | Modeling marburg virus control with limited hospital beds: a fractional approach | Kaushal Soni; Arvind Kumar Sinha | Physica Scripta | 2,024 | Abstract The Marburg virus is a serious global health threat due to its high mortality rate and rapid transmission. Effective control measures, such as hospital beds, are vital but often limited by inadequate healthcare resources. This study aims to address this challenge by developing a fractional-order epidemic model for Marburg virus, which considers the effects of limited hospital beds on transmission dynamics. We present a model to provide a more accurate understanding of Marburg virus transmission patterns and prevalence incorporating the memory effect through a fractional-order approach. The study explores the impact of constrained healthcare resources on virus progression and calculates the basic reproduction number using the next-generation matrix technique. Further analysis of the model’s global dynamics is conducted using reproduction numbers, the Lyapunov functional approach, and the Routh-Hurwitz criterion, shedding light on how hospital bed availability influences disease progression.We also apply Hyers-Ulam stability criterion to find the stability of the model and obtain numerical solutions through a fractional Lagrange two-step interpolation method. The fractional-order Marburg virus model, by accounting for memory effects, offers a more nuanced understanding of the disease dynamics compared to classical models. Our results demonstrate that increasing hospital bed availability significantly reduces Marburg virus infection rates. This approach highlights the value of fractional calculus in epidemiological modeling, offering significant insights into optimal control measures and strategies to improve public health outcomes during Marburg virus outbreaks. | https://doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ad9ae6 | https://openalex.org/W4405046935 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | false |
PMID_30832426 | OpenAlex | 30,832,426 | null | 10.3390/v11030215 | Can Bats Serve as Reservoirs for Arboviruses? | Anna C. Fagre; Rebekah C. Kading | Viruses | 2,019 | Bats are known to harbor and transmit many emerging and re-emerging viruses, many of which are extremely pathogenic in humans but do not cause overt pathology in their bat reservoir hosts: henipaviruses (Nipah and Hendra), filoviruses (Ebola and Marburg), and coronaviruses (SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV). Direct transmission cycles are often implicated in these outbreaks, with virus shed in bat feces, urine, and saliva. An additional mode of virus transmission between bats and humans requiring further exploration is the spread of disease via arthropod vectors. Despite the shared ecological niches that bats fill with many hematophagous arthropods (e.g., mosquitoes, ticks, biting midges, etc.) known to play a role in the transmission of medically important arboviruses, knowledge surrounding the potential for bats to act as reservoirs for arboviruses is limited. To this end, a comprehensive literature review was undertaken examining the current understanding and potential for bats to act as reservoirs for viruses transmitted by blood-feeding arthropods. Serosurveillance and viral isolation from either free-ranging or captive bats are described in relation to four arboviral groups (Bunyavirales, Flaviviridae, Reoviridae, Togaviridae). Further, ecological associations between bats and hematophagous viral vectors are characterized (e.g., bat bloodmeals in mosquitoes, ingestion of mosquitoes by bats, etc). Lastly, knowledge gaps related to hematophagous ectoparasites (bat bugs and bed bugs (Cimicidae) and bat flies (Nycteribiidae and Streblidae)), in addition to future directions for characterization of bat-vector-virus relationships are described. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30832426/ | https://openalex.org/W2920103907 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | EXCLUDE | #2475 | true |
PMID_20071483 | Both | 20,071,483 | null | 10.1099/vir.0.018226-0 | Establishment and application of an infectious virus-like particle system for Marburg virus | Jörg Wenigenrath; Larissa Kolesnikova; Thomas Hoenen; Eva Mittler; Stephan Becker | Journal of General Virology | 2,010 | The highly pathogenic Marburg virus (MARV) can only be investigated in high containment laboratories, which is time consuming and expensive. To investigate the MARV life cycle under normal laboratory conditions, an infectious virus-like particle (VLP) system was developed. The infectious VLP system is based on the T7-polymerase driven synthesis of a MARV-specific minigenome that encodes luciferase and is transcribed and replicated by the simultaneously expressed MARV nucleocapsid proteins NP, VP35, L and VP30. Transcription of the minigenome resulted in luciferase activity and replication resulted in encapsidated minigenomes. The encapsidated minigenomes, together with the viral matrix proteins VP40 and VP24 and the surface glycoprotein (GP), formed VLPs at the plasma membrane. Among the released pleomorphic VLPs, filamentous particles of 200-400 nm in length showed the highest capacity to induce reporter activity upon infection of target cells. To characterize the infectious VLP system, the intracellular concentration of one of the components was titrated, while all others were held constant. Intracellular concentrations of nucleocapsid proteins that resulted in highest replication and transcription activities also yielded VLPs with the highest ability to induce luciferase activity in target cells. High intracellular levels of VP40 maximized the release of VLPs, but reduced their ability to induce luciferase activity in target cells. The intracellular concentration of GP positively correlated with its incorporation into VLPs and their infectivity. Finally, we demonstrated that the infectious VLP system was suitable for rapid screening of neutralizing antibodies directed against MARV. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20071483/ | https://openalex.org/W2038664942 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | EXCLUDE | #1528 | true |
PMID_19751577 | OpenAlex | 19,751,577 | null | 10.3201/eid1508.090051 | Response to Imported Case of Marburg Hemorrhagic Fever, the Netherlands | Aura Timen | Emerging infectious diseases | 2,009 | On July 10, 2008, Marburg hemorrhagic fever was confirmed in a Dutch patient who had vacationed recently in Uganda. Exposure most likely occurred in the Python Cave (Maramagambo Forest), which harbors bat species that elsewhere in Africa have been found positive for Marburg virus. A multidisciplinary response team was convened to perform a structured risk assessment, perform risk classification of contacts, issue guidelines for follow-up, provide information, and monitor the crisis response. In total, 130 contacts were identified (66 classified as high risk and 64 as low risk) and monitored for 21 days after their last possible exposure. The case raised questions specific to international travel, postexposure prophylaxis for Marburg virus, and laboratory testing of contacts with fever. We present lessons learned and results of the follow-up serosurvey of contacts and focus on factors that prevented overreaction during an event with a high public health impact. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19751577/ | https://openalex.org/W2160927899 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | EXCLUDE | #3868 | true |
PMID_25838270 | Both | 25,838,270 | null | 10.1093/infdis/jiv132 | Lack of Marburg Virus Transmission From Experimentally Infected to Susceptible In-Contact Egyptian Fruit Bats | Janusz T. Pawęska; Petrus Jansen van Vuren; Karla A. Fenton; K Graves; Antoinette A. Grobbelaar; Naazneen Moolla; Patricia A. Leman; Jacqueline Weyer; Nadia Storm; Stewart D. McCulloch; Terence P. Scott; Wanda Markotter; Lieza Odendaal; Sarah J. Clift; Thomas W. Geisbert; Martin Hale; Alan C. Kemp | The Journal of Infectious Diseases | 2,015 | Egyptian fruit bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus) were inoculated subcutaneously (n = 22) with Marburg virus (MARV). No deaths, overt signs of morbidity, or gross lesions was identified, but microscopic pathological changes were seen in the liver of infected bats. The virus was detected in 15 different tissues and plasma but only sporadically in mucosal swab samples, urine, and fecal samples. Neither seroconversion nor viremia could be demonstrated in any of the in-contact susceptible bats (n = 14) up to 42 days after exposure to infected bats. In bats rechallenged (n = 4) on day 48 after infection, there was no viremia, and the virus could not be isolated from any of the tissues tested. This study confirmed that infection profiles are consistent with MARV replication in a reservoir host but failed to demonstrate MARV transmission through direct physical contact or indirectly via air. Bats develop strong protective immunity after infection with MARV. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25838270/ | https://openalex.org/W2057623540 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | EXCLUDE | #1869 | true |
PMID_25244186 | OpenAlex | 25,244,186 | null | 10.1056/nejmoa1411100 | Ebola Virus Disease in West Africa — The First 9 Months of the Epidemic and Forward Projections | WHO Ebola Response Team | New England Journal of Medicine | 2,014 | These data indicate that without drastic improvements in control measures, the numbers of cases of and deaths from EVD are expected to continue increasing from hundreds to thousands per week in the coming months. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25244186/ | https://openalex.org/W4210710163 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | false |
PMID_9988176 | Both | 9,988,176 | null | 10.1086/514281 | Ecology of Marburg and Ebola Viruses: Speculations and Directions for Future Research | Thomas P. Monath | The Journal of Infectious Diseases | 1,999 | Marburg and virulent Ebola viruses are maintained in hosts that are rare and have little contact with humans or do not readily transmit virus. Bats (particularly solitary microchiropteran species) are leading contenders as reservoir hosts. Virus transfer to humans occurs by contact with the primary reservoir or via an intermediate animal that acquired infection from the reservoir and is, in turn, hunted by humans. An interesting possibility is that filoviruses may be arthropod or plant viruses, with non-blood-feeding arthropods transmitting the virus to intermediate hosts or humans during oral ingestion or envenomation. Paradoxically, in Africa, Ebola virus disease has high lethality and high seroprevalence as determined by the IFA test. If the seroreactivity is confirmed by more specific tests, then the Ebola virus serogroup in Africa probably contains an antigenically cross-reactive, enzootic, nonpathogenic agent(s). Such viruses may have separate life cycles or may give rise to virulent strains by mutation. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9988176/ | https://openalex.org/W2166022808 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | EXCLUDE | #1992 | true |
PMID_29299527 | OpenAlex | 29,299,527 | null | 10.1128/msphere.00401-17 | A Single Amino Acid Change in the Marburg Virus Glycoprotein Arises during Serial Cell Culture Passages and Attenuates the Virus in a Macaque Model of Disease | Kendra J. Alfson; Laura E. Avena; Jenny Delgado; Michael W. Beadles; Jean L. Patterson; Ricardo E. Carrión; Anthony Griffiths | mSphere | 2,018 | Marburg virus (MARV) causes disease with a high case fatality rate, and there are no approved vaccines or therapies. Serial amplification of viruses in cell culture often results in accumulation of mutations, but the effect of such cell culture passage on MARV is unclear. Serial passages of MARV resulted in a single mutation in the region encoding the glycoprotein (GP). This is a region where mutations can have important consequences on outbreaks and human disease [S. Mahanty and M. Bray, Lancet Infect Dis 4:487–498, 2004, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(04)01103-X ]. We thus investigated whether this mutation impacted disease by using a cynomolgus macaque model of MARV infection. Monkeys exposed to virus containing the mutation had better clinical outcomes than monkeys exposed to virus without the mutation. We also observed that a remarkably low number of MARV particles was sufficient to cause death. Our results could have a significant impact on how future studies are designed to model MARV disease and test vaccines and therapeutics. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29299527/ | https://openalex.org/W2783149406 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | INCLUDE | #2879 | true |
PMID_24840765 | Both | 24,840,765 | PMC400370 | 10.1021/nn501312q | Digital Sensing and Sizing of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Pseudotypes in Complex Media: A Model for Ebola and Marburg Detection | George G. Daaboul; Carlos López; Jyothsna Chinnala; Bennett B. Goldberg; John H. Connor; M. Selim Ünlü | ACS Nano | 2,014 | Rapid, sensitive, and direct label-free capture and characterization of nanoparticles from complex media such as blood or serum will broadly impact medicine and the life sciences. We demonstrate identification of virus particles in complex samples for replication-competent wild-type vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), defective VSV, and Ebola- and Marburg-pseudotyped VSV with high sensitivity and specificity. Size discrimination of the imaged nanoparticles (virions) allows differentiation between modified viruses having different genome lengths and facilitates a reduction in the counting of nonspecifically bound particles to achieve a limit-of-detection (LOD) of 5 × 10(3) pfu/mL for the Ebola and Marburg VSV pseudotypes. We demonstrate the simultaneous detection of multiple viruses in a single sample (composed of serum or whole blood) for screening applications and uncompromised detection capabilities in samples contaminated with high levels of bacteria. By employing affinity-based capture, size discrimination, and a "digital" detection scheme to count single virus particles, we show that a robust and sensitive virus/nanoparticle sensing assay can be established for targets in complex samples. The nanoparticle microscopy system is termed the Single Particle Interferometric Reflectance Imaging Sensor (SP-IRIS) and is capable of high-throughput and rapid sizing of large numbers of biological nanoparticles on an antibody microarray for research and diagnostic applications. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24840765/ | https://openalex.org/W2102828171 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | EXCLUDE | #2562 | true |
PMID_29375139 | Both | 29,375,139 | null | 10.1038/nrd.2017.251 | Post-exposure treatments for Ebola and Marburg virus infections | Robert W. Cross; Chad E. Mire; Heinz Feldmann; Thomas W. Geisbert | Nature Reviews Drug Discovery | 2,018 | The filoviruses - Ebola virus and Marburg virus - cause lethal haemorrhagic fever in humans and non-human primates (NHPs). Filoviruses present a global health threat both as naturally acquired diseases and as potential agents of bioterrorism. In the recent 2013-2016 outbreak of Ebola virus, the most promising therapies for post-exposure use with demonstrated efficacy in the gold-standard NHP models of filovirus disease were unable to show statistically significant protection in patients infected with Ebola virus. This Review briefly discusses these failures and what has been learned from these experiences, and summarizes the current status of post-exposure medical countermeasures in development, including antibodies, small interfering RNA and small molecules. We outline how our current knowledge could be applied to the identification of novel interventions and ways to use interventions more effectively. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29375139/ | https://openalex.org/W2787698206 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | EXCLUDE | #2567 | true |
PMID_27838352 | Both | 27,838,352 | PMC4862633 | 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.11.003 | Efficacy of the broad-spectrum antiviral compound BCX4430 against Zika virus in cell culture and in a mouse model | Justin G. Julander; Venkatraman Siddharthan; J. T. Evans; Ray Taylor; Kelsey Tolbert; Chad Apuli; Jason P. Stewart; Preston Collins; Makda S. Gebre; Skot Neilson; Arnaud J. Van Wettere; Young-Min Lee; William Sheridan; John D. Morrey; Y.S. Babu | Antiviral Research | 2,016 | Zika virus (ZIKV) is currently undergoing pandemic emergence. While disease is typically subclinical, severe neurologic manifestations in fetuses and newborns after congenital infection underscore an urgent need for antiviral interventions. The adenosine analog BCX4430 has broad-spectrum activity against a wide range of RNA viruses, including potent in vivo activity against yellow fever, Marburg and Ebola viruses. We tested this compound against African and Asian lineage ZIKV in cytopathic effect inhibition and virus yield reduction assays in various cell lines. To further evaluate the efficacy in a relevant animal model, we developed a mouse model of severe ZIKV infection, which recapitulates various human disease manifestations including peripheral virus replication, conjunctivitis, encephalitis and myelitis. Time-course quantification of viral RNA accumulation demonstrated robust viral replication in several relevant tissues, including high and persistent viral loads observed in the brain and testis. The presence of viral RNA in various tissues was confirmed by an infectious culture assay as well as immunohistochemical staining of tissue sections. Treatment of ZIKV-infected mice with BCX4430 significantly improved outcome even when treatment was initiated during the peak of viremia. The demonstration of potent activity of BCX4430 against ZIKV in a lethal mouse model warrant its continued clinical development. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27838352/ | https://openalex.org/W2557042960 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | EXCLUDE | #2585 | true |
DOI_6d8c167ba9db | OpenAlex | null | null | 10.1101/2022.06.17.22276538 | Modelling Vaccination Strategies for the Control of Marburg Virus Disease Outbreaks | George Qian; W. John Edmunds; Daniel G. Bausch; Thibaut Jombart | null | 2,022 | Abstract Marburg virus disease is an acute haemorrhagic fever caused by Marburg virus. Marburg virus is zoonotic, maintained in nature in Egyptian fruit bats, with occasional spillover infections into humans and nonhuman primates. Although rare, sporadic cases and outbreaks occur in Africa, usually associated with exposure to bats in mines or caves, and sometimes with secondary human-to-human transmission. Outbreaks outside of Africa have also occurred due to importation of infected monkeys. Although all previous Marburg virus disease outbreaks have been brought under control without vaccination, there is nevertheless the potential for large outbreaks when implementation of public health measures is not possible or breaks down. Vaccines could thus be an important additional tool and development of several candidate vaccines is under way. We developed a branching process model of Marburg virus transmission and investigated the potential effects of several prophylactic and reactive vaccination strategies in settings driven primarily by multiple spillover events as well as human-to-human transmission. Our results show a low basic reproduction number which varied across outbreaks, from 0.5 [95% CI: 0.05 – 1.8] to 1.2 [95% CI: 1.0 – 1.9] but a high case fatality ratio. Of six vaccination strategies explored, a combination of ring and targeted vaccination of high-risk groups was generally most effective, with a probability of controlling potential outbreaks of 0.88 (95% CI: 0.85 - 0.91) compared with 0.65 (0.60 - 0.69) for no vaccination, especially if the outbreak is driven by zoonotic spillovers and the vaccination campaign initiated as soon as possible after onset of the first case. Author Summary Marburg virus disease is a rare but acute haemorrhagic fever caused by Marburg virus. We developed a branching process model of Marburg virus transmission and used this model to investigate potential prophylactic and reactive vaccination strategies in settings driven primarily by multiple spillover events as well as human-to-human transmission. We calculate a low basic reproduction number which varied across outbreaks, from 0.5 [95% CI: 0.05 – 1.8] to 1.2 [95% CI: 1.0 – 1.9]. Of the six vaccination strategies explored, a combination of ring and targeted vaccination of high-risk groups was generally most effective, with a probability of controlling potential outbreaks of 0.88 (95% CI: 0.85 - 0.91) compared with 0.65 (0.60 - 0.69) for no vaccination, especially if the outbreak is driven by zoonotic spillovers and the vaccination campaign initiated as soon as possible after onset of the first case. | https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.06.17.22276538 | https://openalex.org/W4283066441 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | false |
PMID_37404452 | OpenAlex | 37,404,452 | null | 10.1002/hsr2.1395 | The recent outbreaks of Marburg virus disease in African countries are indicating potential threat to the global public health: Future prediction from historical data | Iftekhar Ahmed; Lubaba Salsabil; Md. Jamal Hossain; Mohammad Shahriar; Mohiuddin Ahmed Bhuiyan; Md. Rabiul Islam | Health Science Reports | 2,023 | Abstract Marburg virus disease (MVD) caused by the Marburg virus has a high mortality rate. Rousettus aegyptiacus fruit bats act as the natural reservoir host of the virus. But it can also potentially be transmitted from person to person through direct contact with body secretions. The recent outbreaks have already killed seven people out of nine confirmed cases in Equatorial Guinea and five patients out of eight confirmed cases in Tanzania. In the recent past, Ghana reported three MVD cases and two associated deaths in 2022. Specific treatments or vaccines are unavailable for MVD, and supportive care is the primary treatment option. The history of MVD outbreaks and the current scenario show its potential to become an emerging threat to global public health. The recent outbreaks in Tanzania and Equatorial Guinea have already caused a high fatality rate. The absence of effective treatment and vaccines raises concerns about the potential to cause widespread harm. Besides, its capacity for human‐to‐human transmission and potential to cross the country's border could result in a multicountry outbreak. Therefore, we recommend intensive surveillance of MVD, preventative measures, and early detection to limit the spread of the disease and prevent another pandemic. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37404452/ | https://openalex.org/W4382985498 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | false |
PMID_29034123 | Both | 29,034,123 | PMC4309665 | 10.1371/currents.outbreaks.07992a87522e1f229c7cb023270a2af1 | Ecological Niche Modeling for Filoviruses: A Risk Map for Ebola and Marburg Virus Disease Outbreaks in Uganda. | Luke Nyakarahuka; Samuel Ayebare; Gladys Mosomtai; Clovice Kankya; Julius J. Lutwama; Frank Norbert Mwiine; Eystein Skjerve | PubMed | 2,017 | Despite the limitations in the prediction model due to lack of adequate sample records for outbreaks, especially for the Marburg cases, the models provided risk maps to the Uganda surveillance system on filovirus outbreaks. The risk maps will aid in identifying areas to focus the filovirus surveillance for early detection and responses hence curtailing a pandemic. The results from this study also confirm previous findings that suggest that filoviruses are mainly limited by the amount of rainfall received in an area. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29034123/ | https://openalex.org/W2751844288 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | EXCLUDE | #1932 | true |
DOI_5cac169c4ad2 | OpenAlex | null | null | 10.4081/monaldi.2020.1292 | COVID-2019: update on epidemiology, disease spread and management | Kamal Kant Sahu; Ajay Kumar Mishra; Amos Lal | Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease | 2,020 | With each passing day, more cases of Coronavirus disease (COVID-2019) are being detected and unfortunately the fear of novel corona virus 2019 (2019-nCoV) becoming a pandemic disease has come true. Constant efforts at individual, national, and international level are being made in order to understand the genomics, hosts, modes of transmission and epidemiological link of nCoV-2019. As of now, whole genome sequence of the newly discovered coronavirus has already been decoded. Genomic characterization nCoV-2019 have shown close homology with bat-derived severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-like coronaviruses, bat-SL-CoVZC45 and bat-SL-CoVZXC21. Structural analysis of the receptor binding site has confirmed that 2019-nCoV binds with the same ACE 2 receptor protein as human SARS virus. Compared to the previous coronavirus outbreaks, the overall mortality rate is relatively low for COVID-2019 (2-3%). Suspected cases must be quarantined till their test comes positive or they clear infection. At present, treatment of COVID-2019 is mostly based on the knowledge gained from the SARS and MERS outbreaks. Remdesivir, originally develop as a treatment for Ebola virus disease and Marburg virus infections, is being studied for it effectiveness against 2019-nCoV infection. Many other antiviral agents and vaccines are being tested but most of them are in phase I or II and hence unlikely to be of any benefit immediately with regards to current outbreak. Hence, the standard infection control techniques and preventive steps for healthy individuals and supportive care for the confirmed cases is the best available strategy to deal with current viral outbreak. | https://doi.org/10.4081/monaldi.2020.1292 | https://openalex.org/W3016448516 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | EXCLUDE | #5653 | true |
PMID_10024977 | Both | 10,024,977 | null | 10.1007/s001140050562 | Characteristics of Filoviridae: Marburg and Ebola Viruses | Brigitte Beer; Reinhard Kurth; Alexander Bukreyev | Die Naturwissenschaften | 1,999 | Filoviruses are enveloped, nonsegmented negative-stranded RNA viruses. The two species, Marburg and Ebola virus, are serologically, biochemically, and genetically distinct. Marburg virus was first isolated during an outbreak in Europe in 1967, and Ebola virus emerged in 1976 as the causative agent of two simultaneous outbreaks in southern Sudan and northern Zaire. Although the main route of infection is known to be person-to-person transmission by intimate contact, the natural reservoir for filoviruses still remains a mystery. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10024977/ | https://openalex.org/W2090128735 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | INCLUDE | #2805 | true |
PMID_25997928 | Both | 25,997,928 | PMC2626799 | 10.1016/j.virusres.2015.05.006 | Bats as reservoirs of severe emerging infectious diseases | H. Han; Huanshun Wen; Chuan‐Min Zhou; Fangfang Chen; Li-Mei Luo; Jian-Wei Liu; Xue‐jie Yu | Virus Research | 2,015 | In recent years severe infectious diseases have been constantly emerging, causing panic in the world. Now we know that many of these terrible diseases are caused by viruses originated from bats (Table 1), such as Ebola virus, Marburg, SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV), MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV), Nipah virus (NiV) and Hendra virus (HeV). These viruses have co-evolved with bats due to bats' special social, biological and immunological features. Although bats are not in close contact with humans, spillover of viruses from bats to intermediate animal hosts, such as horses, pigs, civets, or non-human primates, is thought to be the most likely mode to cause human infection. Humans may also become infected with viruses through aerosol by intruding into bat roosting caves or via direct contact with bats, such as catching bats or been bitten by bats. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25997928/ | https://openalex.org/W307625475 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | EXCLUDE | #2339 | true |
PMID_30908623 | OpenAlex | 30,908,623 | null | 10.1111/1365-2656.12985 | Disentangling serology to elucidate henipa‐ and filovirus transmission in Madagascar fruit bats | Cara E. Brook; Hafaliana Christian Ranaivoson; Christopher C. Broder; Andrew A. Cunningham; Jean‐Michel Héraud; Alison J. Peel; Louise Gibson; James L. N. Wood; C. Jessica E. Metcalf; Andrew P. Dobson | Journal of Animal Ecology | 2,019 | Abstract Bats are reservoirs for emerging human pathogens, including Hendra and Nipah henipaviruses and Ebola and Marburg filoviruses. These viruses demonstrate predictable patterns in seasonality and age structure across multiple systems; previous work suggests that they may circulate in Madagascar's endemic fruit bats, which are widely consumed as human food. We aimed to (a) document the extent of henipa‐ and filovirus exposure among Malagasy fruit bats, (b) explore seasonality in seroprevalence and serostatus in these bat populations and (c) compare mechanistic hypotheses for possible transmission dynamics underlying these data. To this end, we amassed and analysed a unique dataset documenting longitudinal serological henipa‐ and filovirus dynamics in three Madagascar fruit bat species. We uncovered serological evidence of exposure to Hendra‐/Nipah‐related henipaviruses in Eidolon dupreanum, Pteropus rufus and Rousettus madagascariensis, to Cedar‐related henipaviruses in E. dupreanum and R. madagascariensis and to Ebola‐related filoviruses in P. rufus and R. madagascariensis . We demonstrated significant seasonality in population‐level seroprevalence and individual serostatus for multiple viruses across these species, linked to the female reproductive calendar. An age‐structured subset of the data highlighted evidence of waning maternal antibodies in neonates, increasing seroprevalence in young and decreasing seroprevalence late in life. Comparison of mechanistic epidemiological models fit to these data offered support for transmission hypotheses permitting waning antibodies but retained immunity in adult‐age bats. Our findings suggest that bats may seasonally modulate mechanisms of pathogen control, with consequences for population‐level transmission. Additionally, we narrow the field of candidate transmission hypotheses by which bats are presumed to host and transmit potentially zoonotic viruses globally. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30908623/ | https://openalex.org/W2922906481 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | EXCLUDE | #4762 | true |
PMID_27268907 | OpenAlex | 27,268,907 | null | 10.1093/femsre/fuw010 | Neglected filoviruses | Robin Burk; Laura Bollinger; Joshua C. Johnson; Jiro Wada; Sheli R. Radoshitzky; Gustavo Palacios; Sina Bavari; Peter B. Jahrling; Jens H. Kuhn | FEMS Microbiology Reviews | 2,016 | Eight viruses are currently assigned to the family Filoviridae Marburg virus, Sudan virus and, in particular, Ebola virus have received the most attention both by researchers and the public from 1967 to 2013. During this period, natural human filovirus disease outbreaks occurred sporadically in Equatorial Africa and, despite high case-fatality rates, never included more than several dozen to a few hundred infections per outbreak. Research emphasis shifted almost exclusively to Ebola virus in 2014, when this virus was identified as the cause of an outbreak that has thus far involved more than 28 646 people and caused more than 11 323 deaths in Western Africa. Consequently, major efforts are currently underway to develop licensed medical countermeasures against Ebola virus infection. However, the ecology of and mechanisms behind Ebola virus emergence are as little understood as they are for all other filoviruses. Consequently, the possibility of the future occurrence of a large disease outbreak caused by other less characterized filoviruses (i.e. Bundibugyo virus, Lloviu virus, Ravn virus, Reston virus and Taï Forest virus) is impossible to rule out. Yet, for many of these viruses, not even rudimentary research tools are available, let alone medical countermeasures. This review summarizes the current knowledge on these less well-characterized filoviruses. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27268907/ | https://openalex.org/W4211142414 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | EXCLUDE | #2707 | true |
PMID_890413 | Both | 890,413 | PMC1631428 | 10.1136/bmj.2.6086.541 | A case of Ebola virus infection. | RONALD T.D. EMOND; B Evans; E. T. W. Bowen; G. Lloyd | BMJ | 1,977 | In November 1976 an investigator at the Microbiological Research Establishment accidentally inoculated himself while processing material from patients in Africa who had been suffering from a haemorrhagic fever of unknown cause. He developed an illness closely resembling Marburg disease, and a virus was isolated from his blood that resembled Marburg virus but was distinct serologically. The course of the illness was mild and may have been modified by treatment with human interferon and convalescent serum. Convalescence was protracted; there was evidence of bone-marrow depression and virus was excreted in low titre for some weeks. Recovery was complete. Infection was contained by barrier-nursing techniques using a negative-pressure plastic isolator and infection did not spread to attendant staff or to the community. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/890413/ | https://openalex.org/W2081315886 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | EXCLUDE | #4163 | true |
DOI_e759f6dc0b06 | OpenAlex | null | null | 10.47836/mjms.18.1.09 | Marburg Virus and Risk Factor Among Infected Population: A Modeling Study | Zahurul Haque; Md. Kamrujjaman; Md Shah Alam; Md. Haider Ali Biswas | Malaysian Journal of Mathematical Sciences | 2,024 | This study aims to investigate the role of individuals with natural immunity in contributing to the overall spread of Marburg virus infection, a highly lethal human pathogen. Marburg virus was initially identified in 1967 during a significant outbreak in Marburg, Germany, and Belgrade, Serbia. Notably, there are currently no approved vaccines or treatments for Marburg virus infection due to its alarmingly high fatality rate. The study developed a mathematical model to better understand the transmission dynamics of Marburg virus disease (MVD), specifically focusing on the spread of infected individuals. Initial analysis employed established methods, evaluating factors such as the positive assessments, the basic reproduction number, and equilibrium point stability. This analytical approach provided valuable insights into MVD dynamics. Following this, numerical simulations were conducted to visually depict the outcomes derived from the analytical analysis. These simulations provided a more comprehensive understanding of the complex dynamics of MVD. Finally, this study presents a comprehensive analysis of Marburg virus transmission dynamics, shedding light on the impact of natural immunity on disease spread and emphasizing the significance of isolation strategies in mitigating the outbreak of this highly lethal pathogen. | https://doi.org/10.47836/mjms.18.1.09 | https://openalex.org/W4393360071 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | false |
PMID_25330247 | Both | 25,330,247 | PMC2106982 | 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004463 | Interaction with Tsg101 Is Necessary for the Efficient Transport and Release of Nucleocapsids in Marburg Virus-Infected Cells | Olga Dolnik; Larissa Kolesnikova; Sonja Welsch; Thomas Strecker; Gordian Schudt; Stephan Becker | PLoS Pathogens | 2,014 | Endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery supports the efficient budding of Marburg virus (MARV) and many other enveloped viruses. Interaction between components of the ESCRT machinery and viral proteins is predominantly mediated by short tetrapeptide motifs, known as late domains. MARV contains late domain motifs in the matrix protein VP40 and in the genome-encapsidating nucleoprotein (NP). The PSAP late domain motif of NP recruits the ESCRT-I protein tumor susceptibility gene 101 (Tsg101). Here, we generated a recombinant MARV encoding NP with a mutated PSAP late domain (rMARV(PSAPmut)). rMARV(PSAPmut) was attenuated by up to one log compared with recombinant wild-type MARV (rMARV(wt)), formed smaller plaques and exhibited delayed virus release. Nucleocapsids in rMARV(PSAPmut)-infected cells were more densely packed inside viral inclusions and more abundant in the cytoplasm than in rMARV(wt)-infected cells. A similar phenotype was detected when MARV-infected cells were depleted of Tsg101. Live-cell imaging analyses revealed that Tsg101 accumulated in inclusions of rMARV(wt)-infected cells and was co-transported together with nucleocapsids. In contrast, rMARV(PSAPmut) nucleocapsids did not display co-localization with Tsg101, had significantly shorter transport trajectories, and migration close to the plasma membrane was severely impaired, resulting in reduced recruitment into filopodia, the major budding sites of MARV. We further show that the Tsg101 interacting protein IQGAP1, an actin cytoskeleton regulator, was recruited into inclusions and to individual nucleocapsids together with Tsg101. Moreover, IQGAP1 was detected in a contrail-like structure at the rear end of migrating nucleocapsids. Down regulation of IQGAP1 impaired release of MARV. These results indicate that the PSAP motif in NP, which enables binding to Tsg101, is important for the efficient actin-dependent transport of nucleocapsids to the sites of budding. Thus, the interaction between NP and Tsg101 supports several steps of MARV assembly before virus fission. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25330247/ | https://openalex.org/W2077060034 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | EXCLUDE | #4203 | true |
PMID_11595975 | Both | 11,595,975 | null | 10.1086/322620 | Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Hazards for Travelers in Africa | M Isaäcson | Clinical Infectious Diseases | 2,001 | This short review covers 6 viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) that are known to occur in Africa: yellow fever, Rift Valley fever, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, Lassa fever, Marburg virus disease, and Ebola hemorrhagic fever. All of these have at one time or another affected travelers, often the adventurous kind who are "roughing it" in rural areas, who should therefore be made aware by their physicians or travel health clinics about their potential risk of exposure to any VHF along their travel route and how to minimize the risk. A significant proportion of VHF cases involving travelers have affected expatriate health care workers who were nosocomially exposed in African hospitals or clinics. The VHFs are associated with a high case-fatality rate but are readily prevented by well-known basic precautions. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11595975/ | https://openalex.org/W2059812864 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | INCLUDE | #2615 | true |
PMID_37099617 | OpenAlex | 37,099,617 | null | 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011279 | Marburg virus in Egyptian Rousettus bats in Guinea: Investigation of Marburg virus outbreak origin in 2021 | Marat T. Makenov; Sanaba Boumbaly; Faya Raphael Tolno; N Sacko; Leno Tamba N’Fatoma; Oumar Mansare; Bonaventure Kolié; Olga А. Stukolova; Evgeny S. Morozkin; Ivan S. Kholodilov; Olga B. Zhurenkova; Marina V. Fyodorova; В. Г. Акимкин; A. Yu. Popova; Namoudou Conde; M. Y. Boiro; Lyudmila S. Karan | PLoS neglected tropical diseases | 2,023 | In 2021, a patient died from Marburg virus (MARV) disease in Guinea and it was the first confirmed case in West Africa. The origin of the outbreak has not been identified. It was revealed that the patient didn’t travel anywhere before the illness. Prior to outbreak, MARV had been found in bats in the neighboring Sierra Leone, but never in Guinea. Therefore, the origin of infection is unclear: was it an autochthonous case with spillover from a local population of bats or an imported case with spillover from fruit bats foraging/migrating from Sierra Leone? In this paper, we studied Rousettus aegyptiacus in Guinea as the possible source of MARV infection caused the patient death in 2021 in Guinea. We caught bats in 32 sites of Guéckédou prefecture, including seven caves and 25 locations of the flight path. A total of 501 fruit bats (Pteropodidae) were captured, including 66 R . aegyptiacus . The PCR screening showed three positive MARV R . aegyptiacus , roosting in two caves discovered in Guéckédou prefecture. After Sanger sequencing and phylogenetic analyses it was shown that found MARV belongs to the Angola-like lineage but it is not identical to the isolate obtained during the outbreak of 2021. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37099617/ | https://openalex.org/W4367042421 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | false |
PMID_26202243 | OpenAlex | 26,202,243 | null | 10.1128/jvi.01337-15 | Inhibition of Ebola and Marburg Virus Entry by G Protein-Coupled Receptor Antagonists | Han Cheng; Calli M. Lear-Rooney; Lisa M. Johansen; Elizabeth Varhegyi; Zheng W. Chen; Gene G. Olinger; Lijun Rong | Journal of Virology | 2,015 | ABSTRACT Filoviruses, consisting of Ebola virus (EBOV) and Marburg virus (MARV), are among the most lethal infectious threats to mankind. Infections by these viruses can cause severe hemorrhagic fevers in humans and nonhuman primates with high mortality rates. Since there is currently no vaccine or antiviral therapy approved for humans, there is an urgent need to develop prophylactic and therapeutic options for use during filoviral outbreaks and bioterrorist attacks. One of the ideal targets against filoviral infection and diseases is at the entry step, which is mediated by the filoviral glycoprotein (GP). In this report, we screened a chemical library of small molecules and identified numerous inhibitors, which are known G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) antagonists targeting different GPCRs, including histamine receptors, 5-HT (serotonin) receptors, muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, and adrenergic receptor. These inhibitors can effectively block replication of both infectious EBOV and MARV, indicating a broad antiviral activity of the GPCR antagonists. The time-of-addition experiment and microscopic studies suggest that GPCR antagonists block filoviral entry at a step following the initial attachment but prior to viral/cell membrane fusion. These results strongly suggest that GPCRs play a critical role in filoviral entry and GPCR antagonists can be developed as an effective anti-EBOV/MARV therapy. IMPORTANCE Infection of Ebola virus and Marburg virus can cause severe illness in humans with a high mortality rate, and currently there is no FDA-approved vaccine or therapeutic treatment available. The 2013-2015 epidemic in West Africa underscores a lack of our understanding in the infection and pathogenesis of these viruses and the urgency of drug discovery and development. In this study, we have identified numerous inhibitors that are known G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) antagonists targeting different GPCRs. These inhibitors can effectively block replication of both infectious EBOV and MARV, indicating a broad antiviral activity of the GPCR antagonists. Our results strongly suggest that GPCRs play a critical role in filoviral entry and GPCR antagonists can be developed as an effective anti-EBOV/MARV therapy. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26202243/ | https://openalex.org/W2138289533 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | EXCLUDE | #2680 | true |
PMID_4207635 | Both | 4,207,635 | PMC2495590 | 10.1136/pgmj.49.574.542 | Marburg virus disease | G. A. Martini | Postgraduate Medical Journal | 1,973 | Summary In the late summer of 1967 an epidemic in thirty-one patients in Germany and Yugoslavia of a disease transmitted from African green monkeys occurred; seven patients died. The incubation period was from 4 to 7 days. The main clinical features were headache, high fever, diarrhoea, a very characteristic rash, severe bleeding tendency and involvement of the central nervous system. Nearly all organs were involved and showed severe cell necroses. The aetiological agent was identified as an RNS-virus and was named Marburg virus. It was detected in the blood, urine, throat-washing and seminal fluid. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4207635/ | https://openalex.org/W2093709831 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | false |
PMID_32117225 | OpenAlex | 32,117,225 | null | 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00026 | Novel Insights Into Immune Systems of Bats | Arinjay Banerjee; Michelle L. Baker; Kirsten Kulcsar; Vikram Misra; Raina K. Plowright; Karen Mossman | Frontiers in Immunology | 2,020 | In recent years, viruses similar to those that cause serious disease in humans and other mammals have been detected in apparently healthy bats. These include filoviruses, paramyxoviruses, and coronaviruses that cause severe diseases such as Ebola virus disease, Marburg haemorrhagic fever and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in humans. The evolution of flight in bats seem to have selected for a unique set of antiviral immune responses that control virus propagation, while limiting self-damaging inflammatory responses. Here, we summarize our current understanding of antiviral immune responses in bats and discuss their ability to co-exist with emerging viruses that cause serious disease in other mammals. We highlight how this knowledge may help us to predict viral spillovers into new hosts and discuss future directions for the field. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32117225/ | https://openalex.org/W3002458416 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | EXCLUDE | #5307 | true |
PMID_33070960 | Both | 33,070,960 | PMC7281624 | 10.1016/j.pathol.2020.09.006 | Laboratory biosafety measures involving SARS-CoV-2 and the classification as a Risk Group 3 biological agent | Alexa Kaufer; Torsten Theis; Katherine A. Lau; Joanna L Gray; William D. Rawlinson | Pathology | 2,020 | The current public health emergency surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic, that is the illness caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has resulted in thousands of cases in Australia since 25 January 2020 when the first case was diagnosed. This emerging virus presents particular hazards to researchers and laboratory staff in a clinical setting, highlighted by rapid and widespread global transmission. Based on the epidemiological and clinical data that have become available in mid-2020, we propose the interim classification of SARS-CoV-2 as a Risk Group 3 organism is reasonable, and discuss establishing Biosafety Level 3 (BSL-3) regulations accordingly. Despite its global spread, the reported mortality rate of SARS-CoV-2 ranging from 0.13% to 6.22% is considerably less than that of other Risk Group 4 agents including Ebola and Marburg viruses with fatality rates as high as 90%. In addition, studies have demonstrated that approximately 86% of patients presenting with severe courses of the disease are aged 70 years or above, with the presence of comorbid conditions such as cardiovascular and respiratory system diseases in the majority of all fatal cases. In contrary to recent discussions surrounding the protective and administrative measures needed in a laboratory, the emerging evidence surrounding mortality rate, distinct demographics of severe infections, and the presence of underlying diseases does not justify the categorisation of SARS-CoV-2 as a Risk Group 4 organism. This article summarises biosafety precautions, control measures and appropriate physical containment facilities required to minimise the risk of laboratory-acquired infections with SARS-CoV-2. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33070960/ | https://openalex.org/W3089439163 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | EXCLUDE | #5494 | true |
PMID_33692745 | OpenAlex | 33,692,745 | null | 10.3389/fneur.2021.634827 | Neurologic Manifestations of the World Health Organization's List of Pandemic and Epidemic Diseases | Caleb R.S. McEntire; Kun-Wei Song; Robert McInnis; John Y. Rhee; Michael J. Young; Erika Williams; Leah Wibecan; Neal M. Nolan; Amanda Nagy; Jeffrey Gluckstein; Shibani S. Mukerji; Farrah J. Mateen | Frontiers in Neurology | 2,021 | The World Health Organization (WHO) monitors the spread of diseases globally and maintains a list of diseases with epidemic or pandemic potential. Currently listed diseases include Chikungunya, cholera, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, Ebola virus disease, Hendra virus infection, influenza, Lassa fever, Marburg virus disease, Neisseria meningitis , MERS-CoV, monkeypox, Nipah virus infection, novel coronavirus (COVID-19), plague, Rift Valley fever, SARS, smallpox, tularemia, yellow fever, and Zika virus disease. The associated pathogens are increasingly important on the global stage. The majority of these diseases have neurological manifestations. Those with less frequent neurological manifestations may also have important consequences. This is highlighted now in particular through the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and reinforces that pathogens with the potential to spread rapidly and widely, in spite of concerted global efforts, may affect the nervous system. We searched the scientific literature, dating from 1934 to August 2020, to compile data on the cause, epidemiology, clinical presentation, neuroimaging features, and treatment of each of the diseases of epidemic or pandemic potential as viewed through a neurologist's lens. We included articles with an abstract or full text in English in this topical and scoping review. Diseases with epidemic and pandemic potential can be spread directly from human to human, animal to human, via mosquitoes or other insects, or via environmental contamination. Manifestations include central neurologic conditions (meningitis, encephalitis, intraparenchymal hemorrhage, seizures), peripheral and cranial nerve syndromes (sensory neuropathy, sensorineural hearing loss, ophthalmoplegia), post-infectious syndromes (acute inflammatory polyneuropathy), and congenital syndromes (fetal microcephaly), among others. Some diseases have not been well-characterized from a neurological standpoint, but all have at least scattered case reports of neurological features. Some of the diseases have curative treatments available while in other cases, supportive care remains the only management option. Regardless of the pathogen, prompt, and aggressive measures to control the spread of these agents are the most important factors in lowering the overall morbidity and mortality they can cause. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33692745/ | https://openalex.org/W3132440570 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | EXCLUDE | #5572 | true |
PMID_20513546 | Both | 20,513,546 | null | 10.1016/j.cll.2009.12.001 | Ebola and Marburg Hemorrhagic Fever | Amy L. Hartman; Jonathan S. Towner; Stuart T. Nichol | Clinics in Laboratory Medicine | 2,010 | Ebola and Marburg viruses cause a severe viral hemorrhagic fever disease mainly in Sub-Saharan Africa. Although outbreaks are sporadic, there is the potential for filoviruses to spread to other continents unintentionally because of air travel or intentionally because of bioterrorism. This article discusses the natural history, epidemiology, and clinical presentation of patients infected with Ebola and Marburg viruses. Clinicians in the United States should be aware of the symptoms of these viral infections in humans and know the appropriate procedures for contacting local, state, and national reference laboratories in the event of a suspected case of filoviral hemorrhagic fever. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20513546/ | https://openalex.org/W2005407070 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | INCLUDE | #2328 | true |
PMID_25040642 | Both | 25,040,642 | null | 10.1111/1348-0421.12181 | Ebola and Marburg virus diseases in Africa: Increased risk of outbreaks in previously unaffected areas? | Katendi Changula; Masahiro Kajihara; Aaron S. Mweene; Ayato Takada | Microbiology and Immunology | 2,014 | Abstract Filoviral hemorrhagic fever (FHF) is caused by ebolaviruses and marburgviruses, which both belong to the family Filoviridae . Egyptian fruit bats ( Rousettus aegyptiacus ) are the most likely natural reservoir for marburgviruses and entry into caves and mines that they stay in has often been associated with outbreaks of MVD. On the other hand, the natural reservoir for ebola viruses remains elusive; however, handling of wild animal carcasses has been associated with some outbreaks of EVD. In the last two decades, there has been an increase in the incidence of FHF outbreaks in Africa, some being caused by a newly found virus and some occurring in previously unaffected areas such as Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone, in which the most recent EVD outbreak occurred in 2014. Indeed, the predicted geographic distribution of filoviruses and their potential reservoirs in Africa includes many countries in which FHF has not been reported. To minimize the risk of virus dissemination in previously unaffected areas, there is a need for increased investment in health infrastructure in African countries, policies to facilitate collaboration between health authorities from different countries, implementation of outbreak control measures by relevant multi‐disciplinary teams and education of the populations at risk. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25040642/ | https://openalex.org/W2126419201 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | INCLUDE | #2687 | true |
PMID_16415982 | Both | 16,415,982 | PMC307663 | 10.1371/journal.ppat.0020001 | Gene-Specific Countermeasures against Ebola Virus Based on Antisense Phosphorodiamidate Morpholino Oligomers | Kelly L. Warfield; Dana L. Swenson; Gene G. Olinger; Donald K. Nichols; William D. Pratt; Robert Blouch; David A. Stein; M. Javad Aman; Patrick L. Iversen; Sina Bavari | PLoS Pathogens | 2,006 | The filoviruses Marburg virus and Ebola virus (EBOV) quickly outpace host immune responses and cause hemorrhagic fever, resulting in case fatality rates as high as 90% in humans and nearly 100% in nonhuman primates. The development of an effective therapeutic for EBOV is a daunting public health challenge and is hampered by a paucity of knowledge regarding filovirus pathogenesis. This report describes a successful strategy for interfering with EBOV infection using antisense phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PMOs). A combination of EBOV-specific PMOs targeting sequences of viral mRNAs for the viral proteins (VPs) VP24, VP35, and RNA polymerase L protected rodents in both pre- and post-exposure therapeutic regimens. In a prophylactic proof-of-principal trial, the PMOs also protected 75% of rhesus macaques from lethal EBOV infection. The work described here may contribute to development of designer, "druggable" countermeasures for filoviruses and other microbial pathogens. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16415982/ | https://openalex.org/W2056603312 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | EXCLUDE | #1560 | true |
PMID_25531184 | Both | 25,531,184 | PMC7114247 | 10.1016/j.virol.2014.12.002 | Recombinant Marburg viruses containing mutations in the IID region of VP35 prevent inhibition of Host immune responses | César G. Albariño; Lisa Wiggleton Guerrero; Jessica R. Spengler; Luke S. Uebelhoer; Ayan K. Chakrabarti; Stuart T. Nichol; Jonathan S. Towner | Virology | 2,014 | Previous in vitro studies have demonstrated that Ebola and Marburg virus (EBOV and MARV) VP35 antagonize the host cell immune response. Moreover, specific mutations in the IFN inhibitory domain (IID) of EBOV and MARV VP35 that abrogate their interaction with virus-derived dsRNA, lack the ability to inhibit the host immune response. To investigate the role of MARV VP35 in the context of infectious virus, we used our reverse genetics system to generate two recombinant MARVs carrying specific mutations in the IID region of VP35. Our data show that wild-type and mutant viruses grow to similar titers in interferon deficient cells, but exhibit attenuated growth in interferon-competent cells. Furthermore, in contrast to wild-type virus, both MARV mutants were unable to inhibit expression of various antiviral genes. The MARV VP35 mutants exhibit similar phenotypes to those previously described for EBOV, suggesting the existence of a shared immune-modulatory strategy between filoviruses. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25531184/ | https://openalex.org/W2056798904 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | EXCLUDE | #2881 | true |
PMID_12358627 | Both | 12,358,627 | null | 10.1046/j.1365-3156.2002.00945.x | Short communication: A cluster of Marburg virus disease involving an infant* | Matthias Borchert; J. J. Muyembe‐Tamfum; Robert Colebunders; Modeste L. Libande; Mulangu Sabue; Patrick Van der Stuyft | Tropical Medicine & International Health | 2,002 | Summary A noteworthy cluster of six cases of Marburg haemorrhagic fever (MHF) was identified in the Democratic Republic of Congo. One of the cases is the first infant Marburg fever patient ever documented. Three of six cases presented surprisingly mild symptoms. The results of epidemiological and virological investigations are compatible with person‐to‐person transmission through body fluids and with mother‐to‐child transmission while nurturing. The findings show that mild cases of MHF have to be expected during an outbreak and point out the difficulty to base patient management decisions on clinical case definitions alone. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12358627/ | https://openalex.org/W2138779077 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | INCLUDE | #4658 | true |
DOI_d7a63f3ac26c | OpenAlex | null | null | 10.3201/eid1508.090015 | Response to Imported Case of Marburg Hemorrhagic Fever, the Netherlands | Aura Timen; Marion Koopmans; Ann C.T.M. Vossen; Gerard J. J. van Doornum; Stephan Günther; Franchette van den Berkmortel; Kees M. Verduin; Sabine Dittrich; Petra Emmerich; Albert D. M. E. Osterhaus; Jaap T. van Dissel; Roel A. Coutinho | Emerging infectious diseases | 2,009 | On July 10, 2008, Marburg hemorrhagic fever was confirmed in a Dutch patient who had vacationed recently in Uganda. Exposure most likely occurred in the Python Cave (Maramagambo Forest), which harbors bat species that elsewhere in Africa have been found positive for Marburg virus. A multidisciplinary response team was convened to perform a structured risk assessment, perform risk classification of contacts, issue guidelines for follow-up, provide information, and monitor the crisis response. In total, 130 contacts were identified (66 classified as high risk and 64 as low risk) and monitored for 21 days after their last possible exposure. The case raised questions specific to international travel, postexposure prophylaxis for Marburg virus, and laboratory testing of contacts with fever. We present lessons learned and results of the follow-up serosurvey of contacts and focus on factors that prevented overreaction during an event with a high public health impact. | https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1508.090015 | https://openalex.org/W4239256662 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | false |
PMID_25300956 | OpenAlex | 25,300,956 | null | 10.1186/s12916-014-0196-0 | Transmission dynamics and control of Ebola virus disease (EVD): a review | Gerardo Chowell; Hiroshi Nishiura | BMC Medicine | 2,014 | The complex and unprecedented Ebola epidemic ongoing in West Africa has highlighted the need to review the epidemiological characteristics of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) as well as our current understanding of the transmission dynamics and the effect of control interventions against Ebola transmission. Here we review key epidemiological data from past Ebola outbreaks and carry out a comparative review of mathematical models of the spread and control of Ebola in the context of past outbreaks and the ongoing epidemic in West Africa. We show that mathematical modeling offers useful insights into the risk of a major epidemic of EVD and the assessment of the impact of basic public health measures on disease spread. We also discuss the critical need to collect detailed epidemiological data in real-time during the course of an ongoing epidemic, carry out further studies to estimate the effectiveness of interventions during past outbreaks and the ongoing epidemic, and develop large-scale modeling studies to study the spread and control of viral hemorrhagic fevers in the context of the highly heterogeneous economic reality of African countries. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25300956/ | https://openalex.org/W2135333105 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | false |
PMID_24750692 | OpenAlex | 24,750,692 | null | 10.3201/eid2005.130539 | Bat Flight and Zoonotic Viruses | Thomas J. O’Shea; Paul M. Cryan; Andrew A. Cunningham; Anthony R. Fooks; David T. S. Hayman; Angela D. Luis; Alison J. Peel; Raina K. Plowright; James L. N. Wood | Emerging infectious diseases | 2,014 | Bats are sources of high viral diversity and high-profile zoonotic viruses worldwide. Although apparently not pathogenic in their reservoir hosts, some viruses from bats severely affect other mammals, including humans. Examples include severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses, Ebola and Marburg viruses, and Nipah and Hendra viruses. Factors underlying high viral diversity in bats are the subject of speculation. We hypothesize that flight, a factor common to all bats but to no other mammals, provides an intensive selective force for coexistence with viral parasites through a daily cycle that elevates metabolism and body temperature analogous to the febrile response in other mammals. On an evolutionary scale, this host-virus interaction might have resulted in the large diversity of zoonotic viruses in bats, possibly through bat viruses adapting to be more tolerant of the fever response and less virulent to their natural hosts. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24750692/ | https://openalex.org/W2107026529 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | EXCLUDE | #1925 | true |
PMID_37554886 | OpenAlex | 37,554,886 | null | 10.1097/ms9.0000000000001063 | Marburg virus disease outbreak in Tanzania: current efforts and recommendations – a short communication | Deusdedith Boniphace Bulimbe; Daniel Stephen Masunga; Innocent Kitandu Paul; Ghalib Haidari Kassim; Paschal B. Bahati; Jonaviva Anthony Thomas; Christina Mwakisole; Abubakar Nazir; Olivier Uwishema | Annals of Medicine and Surgery | 2,023 | On 21 March 2023 the Tanzania’s Ministry of Health reported the first Marburg virus disease (MVD) outbreak in Bukoba District reporting a total of eight cases and five fatalities including one health care worker with a case fatality ratio of 62.5%. MVD is a filoviral infection with an estimated incubation of 3–21 days and causes severe hemorrhagic fever in humans. Fruit bats are significant reservoir host leading to animal-to-human transmission and human-to-human transmission by direct contact of body fluids from an infected person. Symptoms and signs include fever, vomiting, diarrhea, body malaise, massive hemorrhage, and multiorgan failure. Currently, no definitive treatment or licensed vaccines are available to date but only supportive care. This outbreak is an alarming concern to the neighboring countries to contain the outbreak. Within 3 years from 2020 to 2023 Tanzania has already recorded one pandemic, which is the novel coronavirus disease 2019 and two epidemics, which are Cholera, Dengue, and now MVD. Tanzanian’s Ministry of Health is drawing lessons from the previous health emergencies to contain this particular epidemic. To impede the MVD outbreak in Tanzania, the focus of this commentary is on highlighting the efforts performed and the significant recommendations provided to relevant organizations and the general public. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37554886/ | https://openalex.org/W4385683620 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | false |
PMID_26047124 | OpenAlex | 26,047,124 | null | 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003833 | Risk Factors Associated with Ebola and Marburg Viruses Seroprevalence in Blood Donors in the Republic of Congo | Nanikaly Moyen; Laurence Thirion; Petra Emmerich; Amelia Dzia-Lepfoundzou; Hervé Richet; Yannik Boehmann; Yannick Dimi; Pierre Gallian; Ernest A. Gould; Stephan Günther; Xavier de Lamballerie | PLoS neglected tropical diseases | 2,015 | This MARV and EBOV serological survey performed in the Republic of Congo identifies a probable role for environmental determinants of exposure to EBOV. It highlights the requirement for extending our understanding of the ecological and epidemiological risk of bats (previously identified as a potential ecological reservoir) and birds as vectors of EBOV to humans, and characterising the protection potentially afforded by EBOV-specific antibodies as detected in blood donors. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26047124/ | https://openalex.org/W1837621468 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | INCLUDE | INCLUDE | #1983 | true |
PMID_26120867 | OpenAlex | 26,120,867 | null | 10.3390/v7072779 | Experimental Inoculation of Egyptian Rousette Bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus) with Viruses of the Ebolavirus and Marburgvirus Genera | Megan Jones; Amy J. Schuh; Brian R. Amman; Tara K. Sealy; Sherif R. Zaki; Stuart T. Nichol; Jonathan S. Towner | Viruses | 2,015 | The Egyptian rousette bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus) is a natural reservoir for marburgviruses and a consistent source of virus spillover to humans. Cumulative evidence suggests various bat species may also transmit ebolaviruses. We investigated the susceptibility of Egyptian rousettes to each of the five known ebolaviruses (Sudan, Ebola, Bundibugyo, Taï Forest, and Reston), and compared findings with Marburg virus. In a pilot study, groups of four juvenile bats were inoculated with one of the ebolaviruses or Marburg virus. In ebolavirus groups, viral RNA tissue distribution was limited, and no bat became viremic. Sudan viral RNA was slightly more widespread, spurring a second, 15-day Sudan virus serial euthanasia study. Low levels of Sudan viral RNA disseminated to multiple tissues at early time points, but there was no viremia or shedding. In contrast, Marburg virus RNA was widely disseminated, with viremia, oral and rectal shedding, and antigen in spleen and liver. This is the first experimental infection study comparing tissue tropism, viral shedding, and clinical and pathologic effects of six different filoviruses in the Egyptian rousette, a known marburgvirus reservoir. Our results suggest Egyptian rousettes are unlikely sources for ebolaviruses in nature, and support a possible single filovirus—single reservoir host relationship. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26120867/ | https://openalex.org/W1618423386 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | EXCLUDE | #2588 | true |
PMID_35393862 | Both | 35,393,862 | null | 10.4155/fmc-2021-0290 | A Hybrid Resampling Algorithms SMOTE and ENN Based Deep Learning Models for Identification of Marburg Virus Inhibitors | Madhulata Kumari; Naidu Subbarao | Future Medicinal Chemistry | 2,022 | <b>Background:</b> Marburg virus (MARV) is a sporadic outbreak of a zoonotic disease that causes lethal hemorrhagic fever in humans. We propose a deep learning model with resampling techniques and predict the inhibitory activity of MARV from unknown compounds in the virtual screening process. <b>Methodology & results:</b> We applied resampling techniques to solve the imbalanced data problem. The classifier model comparisons revealed that the hybrid model of synthetic minority oversampling technique - edited nearest neighbor and artificial neural network (SMOTE-ENN + ANN) achieved better classification performance with 95% overall accuracy. The trained SMOTE-ENN+ANN hybrid model predicted as lead molecules; 25 out of 87,043 from ChemDiv, four out of 340 from ChEMBL anti-viral library, three out of 918 from Phytochemical database, and seven out of 419 from Natural products from NCI divsetIV, and 214 out of 1,12,267 from Natural compounds ZINC database for MARV. <b>Conclusion:</b> Our studies reveal that the proposed SMOTE-ENN + ANN hybrid model can improve overall accuracy more effectively and predict new lead molecules against MARV. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35393862/ | https://openalex.org/W4225336642 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | EXCLUDE | #5522 | true |
PMID_35363588 | OpenAlex | 35,363,588 | null | 10.1080/21505594.2022.2054760 | Pathogenicity and virulence of Marburg virus | Mehedy Hasan Abir; Tanjilur Rahman; Ayan Das; Silvia Naznin Etu; Iqbal Hossain Nafiz; Ahmed Rakib; Saikat Mitra; Talha Bin Emran; Kuldeep Dhama; Ariful Islam; Abolghasem Siyadatpanah; Shafi Mahmud; Bonlgee Kim; Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan | Virulence | 2,022 | Marburg virus (MARV) has been a major concern since 1967, with two major outbreaks occurring in 1998 and 2004. Infection from MARV results in severe hemorrhagic fever, causing organ dysfunction and death. Exposure to fruit bats in caves and mines, and human-to-human transmission had major roles in the amplification of MARV outbreaks in African countries. The high fatality rate of up to 90% demands the broad study of MARV diseases (MVD) that correspond with MARV infection. Since large outbreaks are rare for MARV, clinical investigations are often inadequate for providing the substantial data necessary to determine the treatment of MARV disease. Therefore, an overall review may contribute to minimizing the limitations associated with future medical research and improve the clinical management of MVD. In this review, we sought to analyze and amalgamate significant information regarding MARV disease epidemics, pathophysiology, and management approaches to provide a better understanding of this deadly virus and the associated infection. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35363588/ | https://openalex.org/W4221011622 | null | marburg | Marburg virus AND ((transmission OR transmissibility OR transmissible OR transmitted OR transmitting OR transmit OR epidemiology OR epidemiological OR epidemiologic) OR (model OR models OR modeling OR modelling OR modeled OR modelled NOT (image OR images OR imaging)) OR (severity OR "case fatality ratio" OR "case fatality ratios" OR CFR OR "case fatality rate" OR "case fatality rates" OR "mortality rate" OR "mortality rates" OR "attack rate" OR "attack rates") OR ("infectious period" OR "infectious periods" OR "serial interval" OR "serial intervals" OR "incubation period" OR "incubation periods" OR "generation time" OR "generation interval" OR "generation intervals" OR "latent period" OR "latent periods" OR latency) OR (heterogeneity OR heterogeneous OR superspread OR superspreader OR superspreaders OR superspreading OR "super spread" OR "super spreader" OR "super spreaders" OR "super spreading" OR overdispersion OR overdispersed OR "over dispersion" OR "over dispersed") OR (infectivity OR infectiousness OR "growth rate" OR "growth rates" OR "reproduction number" OR "reproduction numbers" OR "reproductive number" OR "reproductive numbers" OR R0 OR "reproduction ratio" OR "reproduction ratios" OR "reproductive rate" OR "reproductive rates" OR "basic reproduction number") OR ("pre-existing immunity" OR serological OR serology OR serosurvey OR serosurveys OR seroprevalence OR serosurveillance) OR (evolution OR evolutionary OR evolving OR evolved OR mutation OR mutations OR mutant OR mutants OR mutate OR mutated OR substitution OR substitutions) OR (outbreak OR outbreaks OR cluster OR clusters OR clustering OR epidemic OR epidemics OR pandemic OR pandemics) OR ("risk factor" OR "risk factors")) | 2026-01-26T01:38:28+00:00 | null | null | null | null | null | EXCLUDE | EXCLUDE | #4739 | true |
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