PD12M

This is a curated PD12M dataset for use with the II-Commons project.

Dataset Details

Dataset Description

This dataset comprises a curated Public Domain 12M image collection, refined by filtering for active image links. EXIF data was extracted, and images underwent preprocessing and feature extraction using SigLIP 2. All vector embeddings are normalized 16-bit half-precision vectors optimized for L2 indexing with vectorchord.

Dataset Sources

This dataset is derived and organized from Spawning/PD12M. The original license information for the image can be found in the corresponding entry of the original database.

Dataset Structure

• id: A unique identifier for the image.
• url: The URL of the image.
• caption: A caption for the image.
• caption_long: A long caption for the image.
• origin_width: The width of the original image in pixels.
• origin_height: The height of the original image in pixels.
• processed_width: The width of the processed image in pixels.
• processed_height: The height of the processed image in pixels.
• aspect_ratio: The aspect ratio of the image.
• exif: The EXIF data of the image.
• meta: The metadata of the image.
• created_at: The creation time of the image.
• updated_at: The update time of the image.
• source: The source organization of the image.
• vector: The vector embedding of the image.
• origin_source: The origin source of the image.
• license: The license of the image.

Prerequisite

PostgreSQL 17 with extensions: vectorchord and pg_search

The easiest way is to use our Docker image, or build your own. Then load the psql_basebackup branch, following the Quick Start

Ensure extensions are enabled, connect to the database using the psql, and run the following SQL:

CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS vchord CASCADE;
CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS pg_search CASCADE;

Uses

This dataset is available for a wide range of applications.

Here is a demo of how to use the dataset with II-Commons.

Create a Table in PostgreSQL

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS is_pd12m (
    id BIGSERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
    url VARCHAR NOT NULL,
    caption VARCHAR NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
    caption_long VARCHAR DEFAULT '',
    origin_width BIGINT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
    origin_height BIGINT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
    processed_width BIGINT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
    processed_height BIGINT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
    aspect_ratio DOUBLE PRECISION NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
    exif JSONB NOT NULL DEFAULT '{}',
    meta JSONB NOT NULL DEFAULT '{}',
    created_at TIMESTAMP NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
    updated_at TIMESTAMP NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
    source JSONB NOT NULL DEFAULT '[]',
    vector halfvec(1152) DEFAULT NULL,
    origin_source VARCHAR DEFAULT '',
    license VARCHAR DEFAULT ''
);

Load csv files to database

1. Load the dataset from local file system to a remote PostgreSQL server:

\copy is_pd12m FROM 'data/0000000.csv' CSV HEADER;
\copy is_pd12m FROM 'data/0000001.csv' CSV HEADER;
\copy is_pd12m FROM 'data/0000002.csv' CSV HEADER;
...

2. Load the dataset from the PostgreSQL server's file system:

copy is_pd12m FROM 'data/0000000.csv' CSV HEADER;
copy is_pd12m FROM 'data/0000001.csv' CSV HEADER;
copy is_pd12m FROM 'data/0000002.csv' CSV HEADER;
...

Create Indexes

You need to create the following indexes for the best performance.

The vector column is a halfvec(1152) column, which is a 16-bit half-precision vector optimized for L2 indexing with vectorchord. You can get more information about the vector index from the vectorchord documentation.

CREATE UNIQUE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS is_pd12m_url_index ON is_pd12m (url);
CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS is_pd12m_origin_width_index ON is_pd12m (origin_width);
CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS is_pd12m_origin_height_index ON is_pd12m (origin_height);
CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS is_pd12m_processed_width_index ON is_pd12m (processed_width);
CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS is_pd12m_processed_height_index ON is_pd12m (processed_height);
CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS is_pd12m_aspect_ratio_index ON is_pd12m (aspect_ratio);
CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS is_pd12m_exif_index ON is_pd12m USING gin(exif);
CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS is_pd12m_meta_index ON is_pd12m USING gin(meta);
CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS is_pd12m_source_index ON is_pd12m USING gin(source);
CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS is_pd12m_created_at_index ON is_pd12m (created_at);
CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS is_pd12m_updated_at_index ON is_pd12m (updated_at);
CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS is_pd12m_vector_index ON is_pd12m USING vchordrq (vector halfvec_l2_ops)  WITH (options = $$
    residual_quantization = true
    [build.internal]
    lists = [20000]
    build_threads = 6
    spherical_centroids = false
$$);
CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS is_pd12m_caption_index ON is_pd12m (caption) WHERE caption = '';
CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS is_pd12m_caption_long_index ON is_pd12m (caption_long) WHERE caption_long = '';
CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS is_pd12m_vector_null_index ON is_pd12m (vector) WHERE vector IS NULL;

Query with II-Commons

Click this link to learn how to query the dataset with II-Commons.